Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a commonly observed adverse effect of general anesthesia. Recently, ondansetron, a new serotonin3 (5-hydroxytryptamine3) receptor antagonist was shown to be effective in the prophylaxis and prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children and adults as well as of PONV in adults. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the capacity of ondansetron to prevent PONV in pediatric patients. METHODS:Two hundred children (132 boys and 68 girls) 2-10 yr of age received general inhalational anesthesia for surgical procedures (the extremities; ear, nose, and throat; inguinal hernia and phimosis; and dentistry) of an expected duration of less than 90 min. This study was divided into two phases: prophylaxis and rescue treatment. For prophylaxis, patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received an intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron, and the other group received a placebo before surgical incision under double-blind conditions. For rescue treatment, only placebo patients were included; as a rescue medication they received an intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron or 0.02 mg/kg droperidol according to a prestudy randomization under double-blind conditions. Incidence and severity of PONV (PONV score 0 = no nausea and no retching; 1 = complaining of sickness and retching; 2 = vomiting one or two time in 30 min; 3 = vomiting more than two times in 30 min) was recorded over a 4-h period in the postanesthesia care unit. Within 72 h of the procedure, a follow-up nurse interviewed the parents for late-onset nausea in the children. RESULTS:With regard to prophylaxis, 10% of patients receiving ondansetron had PONV during the 4-h observation period versus 40% of those receiving placebo (P < 0.001). The incidence of vomiting alone (PONV score > or = 2) was 5% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between ondansetron and droperidol in the treatment of PONV. However, at the end of the 4-h period, ondansetron patients were less sedated than were patients who had received droperidol (P < 0.01). Interviews with parents could be performed for 143 of 200 children (76 ondansetron and 67 placebo). Twenty-four children (15 ondansetron and 9 placebo) showed late-onset PONV after the 4-h observation period but within 24 h of the procedure (19.7% vs. 13.4%; P not significant). CONCLUSIONS:Ondansetron is effective in the prevention of PONV in pediatric patients for the first 4 h after general anesthesia. Lower sedation scores with ondansetron compared with droperidol may be an advantage, especially in ambulatory surgery. However, the incidence of late-onset PONV (> 4-24 h) was not influenced by prophylactic treatment with one dose of ondansetron preoperatively.
journal_name
Anesthesiologyjournal_title
Anesthesiologyauthors
Ummenhofer W,Frei FJ,Urwyler A,Kern C,Drewe Jdoi
10.1097/00000542-199410000-00006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
804-10issue
4eissn
0003-3022issn
1528-1175journal_volume
81pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验相关文献
ANESTHESIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to characterize the electroencephalogram in children who emerged with emergence delirium (ED) compared with children without ED using methods that involved the assessment of cortical functional connectivity. METHODS:Children aged 5 to 15 yr had multichannel electroencephalographic recording...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000376
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of vasopressor therapy on intracranial pressure (ICP) during hypotension were evaluated in 45 adult cats anesthetized with pentobarbital and hyperventilated via an endotracheal tube with nitrous oxide, 70 per cent, and oxygen, 30 per cent, to maintain Paco2 25 plus or minus 5 torr. Hypotension was induced ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-197504000-00011
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic muscle disuse decreases the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to nondepolarizing relaxants, such as metocurine (MTC). In this study, the authors determined whether chronic conditioning would produce the opposite effect and increase the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to MTC. Five dogs were exercised by daily runni...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198906000-00015
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Substance use disorder among physicians can expose both physicians and their patients to significant risk. Data regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of physician substance use disorder are scarce but could guide policy formulation and individual treatment decisions. This article describes the incidence an...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003310
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ECG changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia are common during cesarean delivery under regional anesthesia. To determine the time course, duration, and significance of these ECG changes, we monitored 111 parturients with continuous ambulatory ECG (Holter) during and after cesarean delivery. Twenty-two parturients und...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199210000-00004
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indirect evidence supports a role of spinal cholinergic neurons in tonically reducing response to noxious mechanical stimulation and in effecting analgesia from alpha2-adrenergic agonists. This study directly assessed the role of cholinergic neurons in regulating the level of mechanical allodynia and in part...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200106000-00023
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both pain and the pharmacologic management of pain can cause the undesirable effect of sleep disruption. One goal of basic and clinical neuroscience is to facilitate rational drug development by identifying the brain regions and neurochemical modulators of sleep and pain. Adenosine is thought to be an endoge...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200212000-00036
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In airway smooth muscle (ASM), volatile anesthetics deplete sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) stores by increasing Ca(2+) "leak." Accordingly, SR replenishment becomes dependent on Ca(2+) influx. Depletion of SR Ca(2+) stores triggers Ca(2+) influx via specific plasma membrane channels, store-operated Ca(2+...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00018
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of four postanesthesia care unit (PACU) cardiovascular events to long-term outcomes (unplanned critical care admission or mortality) and to evaluate the contribution of anesthetic management compared with other perioperative factors in predicting th...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199604000-00003
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While persistent opioid use after surgery has been the subject of a large number of studies, it is unknown how much variability in the definition of persistent use impacts the reported incidence across studies. The objective was to evaluate the incidence of persistent use estimated with different definitions...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003265
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exogenous pyruvate and ethyl pyruvate (EP), the key ingredient in a new Ringer's solution in clinical trials, are antioxidants as well as metabolic substrates. In vivo studies show both to be protective in oxidative stress, with EP being better. The authors used an acute rat brain slice preparation to compar...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000281898.01966.1e
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nitric oxide released by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in immune responses and systemic vasodilation in septic shock. Volatile anesthetics have been reported to interfere with signal transduction and gene expression. We studied the effect of volatile anesthetics on activity a...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200004000-00028
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports effects of halothane on tumor cells in vitro. Cells from the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 were exposed to various concentrations of halothane for 8-72 h. The effect of this exposure on this colon cancer cell line, with and without coincubation with the biologic response modifier gamma-interfer...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199101000-00019
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy were randomly given clonidine 3 or 4.5 micrograms/kg or saline intramuscularly 45-60 min prior to induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 3.5 mg/kg and maintained with 0.3% end-tidal isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. The laparoscopy did not ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199005000-00004
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The direct action of sevoflurane on systemic resistance arteries is not fully understood. METHODS:Isometric force was recorded in isolated rat small mesenteric arteries. RESULTS:Sevoflurane (2-5%) enhanced contractile response to norepinephrine only in the presence of endothelium, but inhibited it in its a...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200005000-00034
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Ernest Shackleton's Endurance Antarctic expedition of 1914 to 1916 is a famous epic of survival, the medical achievements of the two expedition doctors have received little formal examination. Marooned on Elephant Island after the expedition ship sank, Drs. Macklin and McIlroy administered a chloroform anesth...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001151
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Halothane and isoflurane have been shown to differentially effect mechanisms of contraction in working myocardial fibers. The aim of this study was to compare effects of halothane and isoflurane on contractile force (CF) and Ca2+ transients in canine cardiac Purkinje fiber preparations. METHODS:Fiber prepar...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199406000-00024
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In standard textbooks, intravenous lidocaine is recommended for intubation of patients with bronchial hyperreactivity. However, whether and to what extent intravenous local anesthetics attenuate bronchial hyperreactivity in humans is unknown. Accordingly, nine awake volunteers with known bronchial hyperreact...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00000542-199603000-00007
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amitriptyline has been reported to be a more potent local anesthetic than bupivacaine. In keeping with the objective of identifying drugs for prolonged cutaneous analgesia, the authors compared the cutaneous analgesic effectiveness of amitriptyline and bupivacaine in rats. METHODS:Rats were subcutaneously i...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200201000-00023
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have reported that body core temperature decreases during prolonged surgery and anesthesia. Although this finding has been attributed primarily to increased heat loss resulting from exposure of body cavities and infusion of cold solutions, it is generally recognized that anesthesia interferes with the...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199204000-00011
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Use of high-dose inhalational anesthesia during open fetal surgery may induce maternal-fetal hemodynamic instability and fetal myocardial depression. The authors' preliminary human retrospective study demonstrated less fetal bradycardia and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with lower dose desflurane sup...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318283c954
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the anesthetic effects of the intravenous anesthetic agent propofol have been studied in the living human brain using brain imaging technology, the nature of the anesthetic state evident in the human brain during inhalational anesthesia remains unknown. To examine this issue, the authors studied the...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199703000-00006
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgical conditions during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and pulmonary gas exchange were compared with those during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in 24 patients undergoing anesthesia for intrathoracic surgery. HFV at an oscillatory frequency of 3 Hz and a delivered gas volume of 1.3-1.9 ml/kg provided e...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198602000-00014
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Results from previous studies have shown favorable effects from the addition of buprenorphine to local anesthetics used for interscalene or axillary perivascular brachial plexus blocks. The main objective of the current study was to determine whether addition of buprenorphine could enhance bupivacaine analge...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181f90ce8
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Caveolae are a nexus for protective signaling. Trafficking of caveolin to mitochondria is essential for adaptation to cellular stress though the trafficking mechanisms remain unknown. The authors hypothesized that G protein-coupled receptor/inhibitory G protein (Gi) activation leads to caveolin trafficking t...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000295
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In vitro, halothane appears to affect the role played by nitric oxide in the regulation of vascular tone and cardiac function. In vivo, the results of the interactions between halothane and the nitric oxide pathway remain controversial. The authors investigated the effects of halothane on the cardiac and reg...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199607000-00020
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In acute lung injury positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuver are proposed to optimize arterial oxygenation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of such a strategy on lung histological inflammation and hyperinflation in pigs with acid aspiration-induced lung injury. METHO...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827542aa
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of enflurane (2% and 4% inspired) on left ventricular (LV) function were examined in chronically instrumented dogs, both intact and after isolation of their hearts and lungs from the systemic circulation. Enflurane in the intact dogs increased heart rate (32 +/- 5% with 2% and 41 +/- 4% with 4%) and elicite...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-198302000-00010
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Systemically administered local anesthetics and other sodium channel blockers produce analgesia in patients with hypersensitivity disorders. To assess whether these agents have a role in the treatment of visceral pain, the present study examined the effects of intravenous lidocaine on neuronal and reflex res...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-200006000-00028
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Active sodium transport is the primary mechanism that drives alveolar fluid clearance. In the current study, the effects of exposure to halothane and isoflurane on alveolar fluid clearance in rats were evaluated. METHODS:Rats were exposed to either halothane (0.4% for 6 h or 2% for 2 h) or isoflurane (0.6% ...
journal_title:Anesthesiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000542-199803000-00027
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00