Abstract:
:The pathogenesis of MS has become better understood as a result of recent advances in several areas, particularly in epidemiology and neuro-imaging. A number of epidemiologically based conclusions need to be revised, most importantly the putative direct relationship between prevalence and latitude, and the concept that epidemics of MS have occurred in some parts of the world. It is now clear that genetic factors play a much more important role in the genesis of the disease than environmental factors, although the latter cannot be ignored. The existence of a genetic susceptibility, coupled with either protective or enhancing factors, which may be genetic or environmental, is recognized as being most important in individuals of northern European origin. Much evidence suggests that the disease is initiated by a viral illness (or possibly a vaccination) at some time before puberty. This first antigenic challenge results in the development of what is called the "MS trait", a systemic condition that may never develop into the actual disease and may be observed as well in the unaffected siblings of MS patients. The trait is almost certainly a manifestation of an alteration of the immune system; its most important effect is to render the blood-brain barrier more vulnerable to a variety of agents that will increase its permeability. In order for MS to involve the central nervous system, loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier is an obligatory step, an observation which has now been amply confirmed by neuroimaging studies. This effect upon the blood-brain barrier appears to be non-specific, since it may result from such diverse causes as a viral infection, a vaccination, or mild trauma. Edema and inflammation follow, but myelinoclasia is not always a consequence; thus plaque formation may not occur and the initial lesion of MS may disappear without leaving a trace. The actual mechanism of myelinoclasia, and the role played in it by lymphocytes, remain unknown. Although the disease does affect the central nervous system, it may remain asymptomatic for a long time after the actual plaque is formed, even for the person's entire life.
journal_name
J Neurol Scijournal_title
Journal of the neurological sciencesauthors
Poser CMdoi
10.1016/0022-510x(92)90280-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-02-01 00:00:00pages
127-40issue
2eissn
0022-510Xissn
1878-5883pii
0022-510X(92)90280-Xjournal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Functional and metabolic recovery of a female cat is described which survived for 1 year following 1 hour global cerebro-circulatory arrest at normothermia. Ischemia was produced by intrathoracal occlusion of the innominate, the left subclavian and both mammary arteries. Following ischemia the animal was kept under in...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(87)90130-4
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased activity of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) was found in plasma from Bar Harbor dystrophic mice of the 129/ReJ dy/dy strain when compared to the findings in non-dystrophic controls. Total plasma CK activity was only slightly increased in dystrophic animals but plasma from both normal and dystrophic ...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(81)90055-1
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of the Negri bodies in the brain of an 8-year-old boy who died 8 days after a paralytic illness and 20 days after a dog bite, and who had received 9 injections of Semple's anti-rabies vaccine, provided evidence that he died of acute rabies encephalitis and not of post-vaccinal allergic encephalomyelitis...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(86)90093-6
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autopsy cases of two brothers with bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy associated with gynecomastia, testicular atrophy and sensory neuropathy are reported. The disease started with finger tremor, proximal muscle weakness and facial muscle twitching at the second and fourth decades, accompanied by bulbar signs and glove-sto...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(88)90240-7
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies to estimate burden of neurological disorders in Africa are limited to inpatients in urban hospitals. The spectrum of neurological conditions in rural Africa remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To determine the spectrum of neurological presentations in an outpatient setting in rural Zimbabwe. METHOD...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.065
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are neurodegenerative diseases that can be difficult to diagnose and distinguish from each other. STUDY AIMS AND METHODS: Patients with PD and MSA and controls were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using tissue segmentation and outlining...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.07.013
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several neuroimaging techniques are promising tools as early markers of brain pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). On structural MRI, atrophy of the entorhinal cortex is present already in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the autosomal dominant forms of AD, the rate of atrophy of medial temporal structures separa...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.05.001
更新日期:2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here a patient who exhibited cerebellar hypermetria on the left side following a cerebellar ischemia in left cerebellar hemisphere. She subsequently recovered clinically. However, twenty months after cerebellar ischemia, cerebellar symptoms reappeared suddenly. Moreover, kinematic and electromyographic (EM...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00152-5
更新日期:1999-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In order to support the concept that a lesion of the thalamus is sufficient to cause a Korsakoff syndrome, we are presenting 5 patients, all of whom developed the syndrome after sustaining a left (dominant) thalamic infarction. Two patients had pure thalamic strokes followed by a permanent Korsakoff syndrome. One of t...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(92)90010-i
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient developed frontal-lobe syndrome and psychotic symptoms after infarction in the pontomesencephalic junction. Stereotaxic lesion localization on magnetic resonance imaging and statistical analyses of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disclosed an involvement of the rostral brainstem dopaminergic nuclei and h...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.04.021
更新日期:2007-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Whether motor neuron diseases (MNDs) can be considered in some cases of paraneoplastic syndromes is controversial. We report a case of rapidly progressive motor neuronopathy following a diagnosis of breast carcinoma, with a presence of anti-Ri antibodies, and a novel SOD1 gene mutation. OBSERVATION:An 80-...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.11.025
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we evaluated magnetization transfer ratio values in the brain white matter of siblings of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compared them to those obtained in sex- and age-matched normal controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all the white matter areas ...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(96)05322-1
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two ganglionic cell groups, located close together and called the internal carotid ganglion, not described before in man, were demonstrated extradurally on the ventrolateral surface of the human internal carotid artery (ICA), where the greater superficial petrosal nerve is joined by the (greater) deep petrosal nerve t...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(91)90211-o
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined transient ischemia-induced changes in transcription factor E2F1 and c-myb expressions in the gerbil hippocampus after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia. E2F1 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the CA1 region 6-12 h after ischemia/reperfusion. c-myb immunoreactivity increased mai...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.048
更新日期:2006-09-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is little information about intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and extracranial atherosclerotic disease (ECAD) in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the prevalence of and the factors that correlate with ICAD and ECA...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.06.031
更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesize that Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) binding is common in poststroke dementia (PSD) and that cognitive decline may be faster in PIB positive patients. We performed PIB positron emission tomography (PET) among 17 subjects: 10 PSD patients, 4 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and 3 healthy controls. We also ...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.12.014
更新日期:2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients are usually divided into Tremor Dominant (TD) and Postural Instability/Gait Difficulty (PIGD) subtypes. The latter is characterized by axial motor symptoms and worse outcomes, possibly also because of comorbid white matter disease. Therefore, the current study investigated t...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.06.015
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Micro-electrode recordings of multi-unit sympathetic activity were attempted in skin or muscle branches of the peroneal nerve at the fibular head and the median nerve at the elbow in 41 patients with polyneuropathy of different causes. An indirect measure of sympathetic conduction velocity was obtained by determin...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(80)90099-4
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Association of changes in olfactory-related structures with olfactory function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood. We used a T&T olfactometer test kit to evaluate olfactory function in 26 patients with MS and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Then, Brain MRI were performed and...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.045
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The acute effect of a single intraperitoneal dose of alcohol (2 g kg-1 body weight) was studied in normally fed rats anaesthetised with sodium pentabarbitone . Rapidly achieved high blood alcohol levels were accompanied by an equally rapid but transient 4-fold increase in the total creatine kinase (CK) activity in the...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(84)90153-9
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the phenotype of individuals with intermediate allele (IA) CAG repeat length in the huntingtin (HTT) gene evaluated at the Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic (PDCMDC) at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM). BACKGROUND:Huntington disease (HD) is caused by a mutation in the HTT g...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.010
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the localization and extent of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunoreactivity as a sensitive marker for impairment of fast axonal transport in the spinal cords of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). The results from this study show that APP, used ...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00324-5
更新日期:2000-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Olfactory identification impairment in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients is well documented and considered to be caused by underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, contrasting with less clear evidence in non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). The aim was to (a) compare the degree of olfactory ident...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.014
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fingolimod is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to reduce relapses and disability progression in relapsing forms of MS. Several screening studies and a first-dose observation (FDO) period are recommended due to adverse effects observed in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this stud...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.09.009
更新日期:2012-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To validate a semi-automated computer approach for the assessment of the degree of carotid artery luminal narrowing by comparing it to the visual evaluation by a neuroradiologist. STUDY DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:In a retrospective cross-sectional study, consecutive emergency department patients who un...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.023
更新日期:2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Examine the relative importance of several risk factors for progression, in a large sample of MS patients. METHODS:Using a retrospective design in a single university-based MS treatment center, we studied 207 patients with relapsing remitting MS diagnosed, treated at our center, evaluated within one year of ...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.02.008
更新日期:2010-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) balance in various inflammatory neuropathies, we measured the ratio of intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-positive to IL-4-positive cells (intracellular IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio) by flow cytometry in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells of 14 patients with mononeuritis...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00603-7
更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recordings have been made from afferent fibres shown to traverse a focal demyelinating lesion induced in the dorsal columns of the cat by the direct micro-injection of lysophosphatidyl choline. Many fibres were spontaneously active, discharging with steady frequencies between 15 and 45 impulses per second or dischargi...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(82)90168-x
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) mediate demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in different animal species and are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to evaluate the anti-MOG response, we have analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(03)00066-2
更新日期:2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Six clones obtained from the neoplastic, astrocytic murine cell line VMDk P497 were injected intracerebrally into syngeneic hosts and the tumorigenicity of each clone was established. Five of the 6 clones produced tumours with incidences ranging from 25% to 100% and mean latencies of 43-100 days, according to the clon...
journal_title:Journal of the neurological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-510x(88)90071-8
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00