Abstract:
:It is shown how to derive the appropriate cubic equation relating power and the effects of friction, gradient and wind resistance on the speed of a human-powered vehicle (HPV). The effects of gradient and wind resistance are explored for parameters representing a typical racing cyclist. The principal conclusion may be summarized as follows: for optimum performance in a time trial, there should be no wind and the course should be level. Any deviation from these conditions will produce a decrement in performance.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
White APdoi
10.1080/02640419408732191subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
419-21issue
5eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant stress protein that is mainly induced by reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and hyperthermia. We assessed the influence of different types of exercise on HO-1 expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood in three groups of male participants: a short exhaustive...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0264041031000071164
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleep hygiene (SH) education on sleep quality in soccer players after a late-evening small-sided-game (SSG) training session. Twenty-nine non-professional players were recruited and allocated to either an experimental group (EG, n = 17) that received SH education, o...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1661938
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the flywheel (FW)-squat test. Twenty male amateur team sports athletes (mean±SD: age 23±3 years) completed one familiarization session and two testing sessions including: FW-squat test with an inertial load of 0.061 kg.m2, sta...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1827530
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of a resistance training programme, designed to improve vertical jumping ability, on the grab, swing and rear-weighted track starts in swimming. Twenty-three female non-competitive swimmers participated (age 19.9 +/- 2.4 years; mean +/- s). The diving techniques...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/0264041031000071047
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimum pre-flight characteristics of the Hecht and handspring somersault vaults were determined using a two-segment simulation model. The model consisted of an arm segment and a body segment connected by a frictionless pin joint, simulating the vault from the Reuther board take-off through to landing. During hors...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404199366028
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine shock attenuation before and after completing a maximal effort graded exercise test while running on a treadmill. Ten individuals ran before and after a maximal graded exercise test with running speed controlled between conditions. Transfer functions were calculated using surface-m...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0264041031000140383
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to explore elite coaches' perceptions of how they can both facilitate and impede the development of key mental toughness characteristics in the context of Australian football. Eleven coaches from a previous study (Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2008) were re-interviewed and the transcribed...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903150475
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation patterns of the countermovement jump, the power clean, and the jump squat with the expectation of gaining a better understanding of the mechanism of transfer from the power clean to the vertical jump. Ground reaction forces, elect...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.908320
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this experiment were to determine whether there are differences between the sexes in the three-dimensional angular rotations of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during running and, if such differences exist, to establish whether factors other than sex can explain the observed differences. A cohort of 44 non-in...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0264041031000070859
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined the effects of upper-body pre-cooling before intermittent sprinting exercise in a moderate environment. Seven male and three female trained cyclists (age 26.8+/-5.5 years, body mass 68.5+/-9.5 kg, height 1.76+/-0.13 m, V O2peak 59.0+/-11.4 mL. kg(-1). min(-1); mean+/-s) performed 30 min of c...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410310001655813
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study examined Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2) and submaximal YYIR1 test performances in 172 male semi-professional football players (age; 25.8 ± 4.1 years) representing all teams in a top league at pre-season, start-season, mid-season and end-season. YYIR2 performance was 847 ± 227 m (±SD) at pre-seas...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.824598
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study examined the "micro-structure" of football practice and the "macro-structure" of participation history of female professional football players. Participants were 29 German 1st league (Bundesliga) players, 14 of whom played on the senior national team (Olympic Champion in 2016). A questionnaire recorded the p...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1558744
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Newtest Powertimer 300-series portable contact mat and photocells (Newtest Oy, Finland). The participants were 20 male soccer players aged 19.1+/-3.5 years. The validity and reliability of the Powertimer (contact mat and photocells) were as...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802448723
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how a...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1072640
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rowers competing at the 2000 Olympic Games were measured for 38 anthropometric dimensions. The aim was to identify common physical characteristics that could provide a competitive advantage. The participants included 140 male open-class rowers, 69 female open-class rowers, 50 male lightweight rowers, and 14 female lig...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410600812179
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report on two studies that investigated the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play. Instudy one, National Rugby League (NRL) and National Youth Competition (NYC) players underwent global positioning system (GPS) analysis during competitive matches. No differences (P > 0.05) were obse...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.773401
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate measures of heart rate (HR) during rehabilitation and sporting activities are important for precise exercise prescription to maintain or increase capacity. Wrist-worn activity monitors utilizing photoplethysmography technology (PPG) to configure HR show discrepant findings regarding validity depending on the ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1535563
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative marker for prenatal testosterone. Low 2D:4D has been reported to correlate with high performance in sport in general. Here, for the first time, we examine the relationship between 2D:4D and performance in elite rugby players. The 44 players (28 ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.510143
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has highlighted the positive effect that different warm-up protocols have on golf performance (e.g. Sorbie et al., 2016; Tilley & Macfarlane, 2012) with the design of warm-ups and programmes targeting and improving golf performance through the activation and development of specific muscle groups. Thi...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1522699
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adequate dietary strategies are essential for the successful participation in ultra-endurance races. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the energy and water intakes of participants during three different mountain ultra-endurance runs. The study took place at the "Ultra Mallorca Serra de Tramuntana" (Mal...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1306092
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding vertical/horizontal plyometrics to the soccer training routine on jumping and sprinting performance in U-20 soccer players. The vertical jumping group (VJG) performed countermovement jumps (CMJ), while the horizontal jumping group (HJG) executed horizontal...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1081394
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the first time we aimed to: (1) assess fat-free mass (FFM) and RMR in youth soccer players, (2) compare measured RMR to estimated RMR using previously published prediction equations, and (3) develop a novel population-specific prediction equation. In a cross-sectional design, 99 males from a Premier League academy...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1717286
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influence of caffeine supplementation on cognitive performance and perceptual responses in female team-game players taking low-dose monophasic oral contraceptives of the same hormonal composition. Ten females (24 ± 4 years; 59.7 ± 3.5 kg body mass; 2-6 training sessions per week) took part in a randomi...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1052746
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the effects of positive and negative outcome imagery on golf-putting performance. Players of both high and low ability performed a golf-putting task in three imagery conditions: (a) a positive outcome imagery condition, (b) a negative outcome imagery condition and (c) a no-imager...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404102320183167
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examine the effect of exercise on the time and flow characteristics of the respiratory cycle profile at the point of volitional exercise termination. Eight males (mean age 29 years, s = 10; body mass 74 kg, s = 7; height 1.75 m, s = 0.04) undertook a cycle test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle erg...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410701275201
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computers have played an important supporting role in the development of experimental and theoretical sports biomechanics. The role of the computer now extends from data capture and data processing through to mathematical and statistical modelling and simulation and optimization. This paper seeks to demonstrate that e...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640419508732232
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Present study examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. Twelve male participants completed a cross-over trial with CLA (3.8 g/day for 8 week) or placebo supplements by separation of 8 weeks. CLA is a mixture of trans-10 cis-12 and...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.970219
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is a term for a synergetic use of sensing, communication and computing. Pervasive use of computing has seen a rapid increase in the current decade. This development has propagated in applied sport science and everyday life. The work presents a survey of recent developments in sport and...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640410903277427
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose was to evaluate the traditional method, of visually focusing on the ball, in comparison to focusing on the hole, during the putting stroke. The study design consisted of a pretest, a 4-week practice period, and a posttest. Participants (n = 31, handicap: 18.7 ± 10.4) practised using only one of the two gaz...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.591418
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers for assessing free-living physical behaviours, there is a lack of user-friendly methods to characterize physical activity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Participants in this study completed a laboratory protocol and/or 3-8 hours of directly observed fr...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1794244
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00