Abstract：
:The aim of reconstruction after resection of head and neck tumors is to achieve acceptable functional and esthetic results with minimal donor site morbidity. Although many flaps have been developed for bone and soft tissue reconstructions, our experience in the past years has identified the anterolateral thigh flap (cutaneous or myocutaneous), the radial forearm flap, and the osteoseptocutaneous fibula flap as the most useful flaps for head and neck reconstruction. These three flaps can be used for reconstruction of almost all kinds of defects, either as a single flap or in combination. The harvest of these flaps is relatively simple and straightforward. All flaps have adequate pedicle vessel length and caliber. Donor site morbidity is negligible. As most reconstructive microsurgeons do not have enough patient volume to master many different kinds of flaps in their professional life, we recommend focusing on these three flaps as workhorse flaps instead of hunting for many other flaps for head and neck reconstruction.
journal_name
Clin Plast Surgjournal_title
Clinics in plastic surgeryauthors
Lutz BS,Wei FCdoi
10.1016/j.cps.2005.02.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-07-01 00:00:00pages
421-30, viiissue
3eissn
0094-1298issn
1558-0504pii
S0094-1298(05)00013-1journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Tendon transfers are performed predominantly to restore hand function or balance due to injuries of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves. Current surgical techniques for the most common tendon transfers for reconstruction of radial, median, and ulnar nerve palsies are demonstrated. These techniques can also be applied...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2011.07.002
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermatologists and their plastic surgical colleagues treating acne vulgaris and its sequelae have an effective arsenal of anti-acne preparations to inhibit and avoid many of the long-term, cosmetically deforming effects of severe inflammatory acne. It is incumbent upon the physician participating in the care of the ea...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoplasty accomplishes the opposite of classic plastic surgery results. Instead of a long incision, there is a tiny one; instead of undermining, tunneling is performed; instead of redraping and resection of the skin, lipoplasty uses skin retraction. Retraction versus traction is the key principle of liposuction. The ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiofrequency (RF)-based devices are used to improve face and neck laxity, a major feature of aging that until recently could only be addressed with surgery. Although these treatments are not meant to replace surgical procedures, patient satisfaction studies have been consistently high. For physicians offering these ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2016.03.014
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In response to facial skeletal differences across race, and cultural differences in what patients feel to be aesthetically desirable, surgical procedures continue to evolve. Mandibular angle reduction and zygoma reduction are powerful procedures for affecting facial skeletal change to achieve a softer, less angular, f...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2007.05.005
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The double free-muscle transfer technique has restored prehension in patients following complete avulsion of the brachial plexus. This achievement was almost inconceivable as recently as several years ago and has now given new hope for these patients to be able to use their otherwise useless limbs. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Placing the incision at the hairline or just posterior to the boundary of the hair, with subcutaneous elevation of the flaps, is a more effective way to correct the aging upper face, whether it be "crow's feet," excess forehead skin, or eyebrow ptosis. Furthermore, by placing the facial rhytidectomy incision at the si...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are three mechanisms of bone formation that underlie the use of the different types of implants. In osteogenesis, viable osteoblasts and preosteoblasts are transplanted from one part of the body to the site where new bone is needed; cancellous marrow grafts are an example of such osteogenic engraftment. In osteo...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurofibromatosis of the skull base is a syndrome that may occur in an isolated fashion or as a component of Von Recklinghausen disease. This article discusses the clinical features of neurofibromatosis, diagnostic methods, and surgical treatment. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deep-plane midface lift offers many advantages in midface rejuvenation. Anatomic analysis of aging and embryologic evidence both support surgical facial “degloving” in the sub-SMAS plane and resuspension of the platysma/SMAS unit. This approach offers more complete repositioning of facial soft tissue compared with...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2014.08.009
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phalloplasty represents the most complete genitoperineal transformation for trans men. Although voiding while standing is a priority for most trans men, most patients want to use the neophallus for sexual experience after they are accustomed to their new voiding abilities. Different techniques have been used to obtain...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author recalls his early experiences in the experimental development of microsurgical replantation and transplantation. The operating microscope and an unlimited supply of microsutures have made possible the development of clinical microsurgery. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of diabetic foot ulceration is complex with multiple considerations often leading to limb amputation. This article presents the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach along with an algorithm to manage and salvage diabetic foot ulcers from amputation. This algorithm is a step-by-step guide to manage t...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2012.05.004
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular anatomy of perforators varies between individuals; thus, accurate preoperative assessment of perforators is essential for safely planning perforator flaps. Perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA) with multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) is one of the best available methods to precisel...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2016.09.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article highlights the challenges in managing pulmonary failure after burn injury. The authors review several different ventilator techniques, provide weaning parameters, and discuss complications. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2017.02.011
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All unilateral clefts of the lip are not alike. The deficiencies that exist, especially in the lateral lip element, can vary considerably. Because of these differences, it is unreasonable to expect one technique of repair to satisfy all situations. In more difficult complete unilateral cleft lip deformity, the Z-plast...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Upper extremity reconstruction may be greatly facilitated by "thinking nerve" in the initial evaluation. Frequently, the obvious soft tissue deformity or bone or joint pathology distracts the reconstructive surgeon from an underlying nerve problem. When pain is a portion of the presenting complaints, thinking nerve be...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The priorities, timing, techniques, and philosophies of reconstruction of the burned face are outlined in this article. Each anatomic area is analyzed, and the appropriate procedure is described. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognition of alar rim deformities is an important component of the preoperative analysis of the nose. Correction of these deformities improves the esthetic balance of the nose and has an added benefit of improving the function of the external nasal valve. Classification systems have been proposed to enable surgeons ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2009.12.007
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gradual maxillary distraction by modified osteotomies and external force systems is a procedure with minimal morbidity and few complications. The interaction between surgeons and orthodontists is critical, however. The wide range of possibilities for remodeling a hypoplastic maxilla by distraction allows the potential...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0094-1298(03)00126-3
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in tissue engineering provide an increased level of understanding of the mechanical and chemical stimuli that regulate tissue responses. Oral tissue engineering can be applied to recreate missing osseous or dental structures or correct orofacial deformities, changing the patient's smile, midfacial height, and...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00080-4
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article underscores the importance of the growth process in the production of normal and abnormal craniofacial morphology. Although much has been learned over the past century, we still have only a limited appreciation of the 3D changes that occur in the skull during postnatal growth. We have also stressed that t...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermabrasion utilizing wire brushes and Fluro-Ethyl refrigerant anesthesia is an effective way of ameliorating a variety of epidermal and dermal defects. Familiarization with proper equipment and technique is imperative. The overall incidence of troublesome complications is relatively low and is offset by the consider...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flap prefabrication and prelamination are evolving, new techniques that are useful in reconstructing complex defects of the head and neck. Flap prefabrication involves the introduction of a new blood supply by means of a vascular pedicle transfer into a volume of tissue. After a period of neovascularization, this volu...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endoscope already has revolutionized aesthetic forehead surgery by reducing the morbidity rate associated with the forehead lift operation. The ability to do the operation through a minimally invasive approach is predicated on the illumination and magnification that the endoscope provides. It is this same illumina...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroproliferative disorders (FPDs) are common and serious disorders. Hypertrophic scar (HSc) and keloids represent the dermal equivalents of FPD and impose lower mortality but great morbidity. This article reviews current knowledge in the pathophysiology and molecular and cellular characteristics of postburn HSc. Add...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.014
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A clear understanding of upper eyelid anatomy is an absolute prerequisite for performing advanced invagination-type blepharoplasty. This article describes the author's simple, systematic approach to intraoperative identification of the levator aponeurosis as well as the other key layers of fascia in the upper lid. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The propensity of crosslinked collagen matrices to calcify when implanted in animals and human beings is well documented. This article demonstrates that the covalent binding of the biphosphonate, 3-amino-1-hydroxy-propane-1-1-diphosphonic acid, to active bone matrix inhibits bone formation as well as dystrophic calcif...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have completed 25 SLC-RAC sequences for complete unilateral clefts of the lip, using the straight-line closure as a preliminary step to facilitate the definitive closure, which is done about 6 months later. Fourteen of the straight-line closures were done on newborn children with local anesthesia, and the rest were...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pedicle perforator flaps and keystone perforator island flaps are additional tools for reconstructive surgeons. Advances in understanding of vascular anatomy, the dynamic nature of perforator perfusion, inter-perforator flow and the hot-spot principle have led to reconstructive techniques that allow innovative autolog...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2016.12.005
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
