Abstract:
:HIV causes chronic infection and is associated with persistent viral replication and a high viral mutation rate. It is an illusion to think that monotherapy with any antiretroviral agent will have a major and lasting impact on this disease. Monotherapy with antitubercular agents led to dramatic improvements in treatment, but the development of drug resistance meant that these improvements were of only short duration, and hence it was concluded that drugs should be combined. The response to the limited efficacy of nucleoside analogue monotherapy in HIV infection has in many instances been the stance that 'currently available antiretrovirals are no good; it is better not to treat'. In addition, regulatory insistence on clinical end-points has also hampered antiretroviral drug development. It is implied that antiretrovirals must be tested in populations with fairly advanced HIV infection, in whom the least success may be expected. The regulatory bind has also resulted in artificial and counterproductive treatment guidelines. Common sense and experience in infectious diseases dictate that treatment should hit hard and early. No study published thus far undermines the concept that early therapy is better than late therapy or that a tolerable combination of drugs with additive or synergistic anti-HIV activity is better than nucleoside monotherapy. Promising data have been generated in trials on combinations of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine; a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine (3TC) may be even more promising.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Lange Jdoi
10.2165/00003495-199500491-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
32-7; discussion 38-40eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950journal_volume
49 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::In a double-blind study, 128 patients with essential hypertension, refractory to beta-blocker monotherapy, were randomised to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Felodipine 2.5 mg twice daily, 5mg twice daily, 10mg twice daily or matched placebo twice daily were administered in addition to the beta-blocker for 4 weeks. Mean supi...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700343-00023
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gefitinib (Iressa) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that offers treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular in those who are harbouring EGFR mutations. In a large phase III trial (IPASS) in chemotherapy-naive Asian ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/10489100-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Specifically formulated for nebulisation using the PARI LC PLUS reusable nebuliser, tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) [TOBI] provides a high dose of tobramycin (an aminoglycoside antibacterial with good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, while maintaining low...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200363220-00015
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor tenapanor is being developed by Ardelyx Inc. for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) [under the tradename IBSRELA®] and for hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis or with end stage re...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01215-9
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levetiracetam (Keppra®, E Keppra®) is an established second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED). Worldwide, levetiracetam is most commonly approved as adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization; other approved indications include monotherapy treatment of partial onset seizu...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11204490-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is clinically defined as an acute peripheral neuropathy causing limb weakness that progresses over a time period of days or, at the most, up to 4 weeks. GBS occurs throughout the world with a median annual incidence of 1.3 cases per population of 100 000, with men being more frequently af...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464060-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine agonists (DAs) represent an excellent treatment option for patients with Parkinson's disease, in both the early and advanced stages of the disease, improving motor symptoms, lowering the incidence of motor complications, and addressing several non-motor symptoms. Indeed, each of these compounds have different...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01103-2
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2), is now a global pandemic. This virus primarily affects the respiratory tract and causes lung injury characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not yet clea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01377-x
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Patients with beta-thalassaemia and other transfusion-dependent diseases develop iron overload from chronic blood transfusions and require regular iron chelation to prevent potentially fatal iron-related complications. The only iron chelator currently widely available is deferoxamine, which is expensive and ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199958030-00021
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endothelium is involved in both the physiological regulation of vascular tone and the structural transformation of the vessel under pathological conditions. Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells continuously secrete nitric oxide (NO), which relaxes smooth muscle cells and ensures vessel patency. Damage...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199700531-00003
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisoprolol is a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with no partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) activity or membrane stabilising (local anaesthetic) activity. The oral bioavailability of bisoprolol is high (90%) and the drug has a long elimination half-life which allows once-daily administration; in addition, it is...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198836030-00002
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of mediastinitis involves directing appropriate antibacterial therapy against the potential bacterial pathogens. The increased recovery of anaerobic bacteria from mediastinal infections has led to a greater appreciation of their role in this condition and to re-evaluation of the proper treatment of this...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666030-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::204 individuals from a rural community were given a single dose of oxantel-pyrantel at 15mg/kg bodyweight and if still infected, 20mg/kg bodyweight, with cure rates of 100%, 53% and 71% for ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, respectively. From an urban community, 124 patients were given the same drug eit...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-197800151-00016
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension affects 65 million people in the US, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but less than one-third of patients with hypertension are treated to goal blood pressure. Multiple factors have been cited, and include suboptimal adherence to treatment and lifestyle modifications, limited access to hea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666090-00006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients, hyperglycaemia is independently related to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Glycaemic targets and the benefits of intensive versus conventional glucose control are under debate. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the rand...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11585220-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in serum digoxin concentration occurs in 90% of patients given quinidine. On average, the serum digoxin doubles during treatment with therapeutic doses of quinidine. Almost every patient treated with quinidine will have a decrease in the renal clearance of digoxin and many will have a decrease in the volum...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198224030-00003
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to disability and functional decline. Because patients usually develop RA in mid-life, they may experience its consequences for 20-30 years or longer. Proinflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin (IL)-1 and tumour necro...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464220-00001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common malignancy associated with HIV infection, and the morbidity and mortality attributable to AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) may be increasing. No curative therapy is available for AIDS-KS, but palliative therapy can eliminate or reduce cosmetically unacceptable lesions, reduce...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199448040-00006
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Deeper understanding of the diversity and biological impact of this pathway has led to the development of specific inhibitors to this pathway. Preclinical data in cell lines, patient samples and disease models have bro...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0565-4
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Involuntary infertility is an increasing problem in this era of delayed childbearing. Fortunately, many advances have been made recently in the medical and surgical treatment of infertility. This article reviews the principal aetiologies of infertility and their treatments, and focuses on the current and future uses o...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198632020-00004
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic efficacy of the new beta-lactam antibiotic, temocillin, was studied in 30 critically ill patients with peritonitis, abscesses, bronchopneumonia, and serious soft tissue infections. Patients were treated with temocillin Ig intravenously twice daily. The isolated pathogens comprised mainly Escherichia co...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500295-00042
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tenoxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent of the oxicam class, and therefore closely related to piroxicam. It possesses a long half-life which enables it to be administered once daily. Clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout and n...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198734030-00001
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of balanced analgesia was introduced to improve analgesic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. A large amount of clinical data has documented improved analgesia by combining different analgesics, but data on reducing adverse effects are inconclusive. Balanced analgesia should be used whenever possible, and...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199958050-00002
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of unknown aetiology characterised by persistent joint swelling, functional disability and increased mortality. No curative therapy exists at present but some therapeutic agents, commonly referred to as disease-modifying drugs, offer the potential for suppression of the inflammatory a...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199856030-00003
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Oral delayed-release mesalazine is an enteric-coated formulation which releases mesalazine in the terminal ileum and colon. Up to 74% of patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis experience endoscopic or symptomatic improvement (including remission) or both when treated with oral delayed-rel...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199957030-00013
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteria most commonly responsible for early-onset (materno-fetal) infections in neonates are group B streptococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Listeria monocytogenes. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the main pathogens in late-onset (nosocomial) infections, es...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199958030-00003
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vivus' proprietary oral capsule containing phentermine and extended-release (ER) topiramate has been approved in the US for the treatment of obesity. Phentermine is an appetite suppressant, while topiramate is an anti-epileptic medication. The once-daily formulation, known as Qsymia™, is designed to produce weight los...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11640860-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric cancer is the seventh and oesophageal cancer the ninth most common cancer in the UK, and >50% of patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The incidence of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junctional tumours is increasing, making these important disease entities to understand and research. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200767170-00006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increases in cancer diagnosis have tremendous negative impacts on patients and their families, and major societal and economic costs. The beneficial effect of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor suppression comes with major unwanted side effects such as weight and hair loss, nausea and vomiting, and neuropathic pain. Che...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01132-x
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::67 samples of 15 different tissues were obtained from 26 patients who were given an intravenous bolus dose of temocillin approximately 3 to 4 hours prior to surgery. 50 tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients who received 1g temocillin and 17 tissue samples were obtained from 7 patients who received 2g temocilli...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500295-00034
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00