Abstract:
:Gefitinib (Iressa) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that offers treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular in those who are harbouring EGFR mutations. In a large phase III trial (IPASS) in chemotherapy-naive Asian patients with adenocarcinoma who were never smokers or former light smokers, oral gefitinib was more effective than carboplatin plus paclitaxel in prolonging progression-free survival (PFS). In a prespecified subgroup analysis, EGFR-mutation-positive status was associated with a positive response to gefitinib treatment. Furthermore, a trial in chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC that was restricted to those with EGFR mutations found that gefitinib recipients had significantly longer PFS than carboplatin plus paclitaxel recipients. In large phase III trials (INTEREST, V-15-32) in unselected, previously treated patients, the overall survival (OS) in gefitinib recipients was noninferior to, or not significantly different from, that of docetaxel recipients. In a placebo-controlled trial in previously treated patients (ISEL), pre-planned subgroup analyses in Asian patients and non-smokers showed that in these subgroups gefitinib prolonged OS, and that EGFR biomarkers predicted a positive response to gefitinib. Gefitinib was also associated with greater improvements in quality of life (QOL) in both chemotherapy-naive and previously treated patients. A head-to-head trial of gefitinib versus erlotinib in EGFR-mutation-positive patients would help position gefitinib relative to erlotinib in this population. Further research is also required to identify factors associated with non-response to EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutation-positive patients. Gefitinib was a generally well tolerated treatment, with rash and diarrhoea being the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious co-morbidity of NSCLC associated with gefitinib and other cancer treatments; ILD-type events occurred with an overall incidence of approximately 1% in gefitinib recipients participating in clinical trials, and were more common in Asian patients. Notably, gefitinib was associated with significantly fewer haematological and neurological adverse effects than comparator chemotherapy regimens. Gefitinib as monotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Sanford M,Scott LJdoi
10.2165/10489100-000000000-00000subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-12 00:00:00pages
2303-28issue
16eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950pii
8journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::Safety data have been gathered in US clinical trials of nabumetone on 1912 patients from August 1981 to May 1988. Dosing in the double-blind trials was 100 mg at bedtime, but in open-label trials patients could increase the dosage of nabumetone to 1500 or 2000 mg if required. Adverse experiences reported in the double...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-199000405-00008
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2), is now a global pandemic. This virus primarily affects the respiratory tract and causes lung injury characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not yet clea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01377-x
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of estrogen in depression. Estrogen can modulate neurotransmitter turnover, enhancing the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and it is involved in the regulation of serotonin receptor number and function. Across the female reproductive life, fluctuati...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11635960-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur commonly and may lead to severe adverse drug reactions if not handled appropriately. Considerable information to support clinical decision making regarding potential DDIs is available in the literature and through various systems providing electronic decision support for healthcare ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0729-x
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of infection in clean surgery (i.e. surgery with no major contamination of the operative site) should be less than 2%, although the incidence of postoperative infections can be higher in patients with various risk factors (namely insertion of foreign bodies, a compromised immune status or prolonged durat...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199700546-00008
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acyclovir (aciclovir) is a nucleoside antiviral drug with antiviral activity in vitro against members of the herpes group of DNA viruses. As an established treatment of herpes simplex infection, intravenous, oral and to a lesser extent topical formulations of acyclovir provide significant therapeutic benefit in genita...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198937030-00002
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of oral and inhaled drugs are available for the long term management of patients with persistent asthma, yet the disease continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past years, inhaled glucocorticoids have become established as a cornerstone of maintenance therapy because of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199600526-00005
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transdermal nicotine delivery systems are a cigarette smoking cessation aid designed to deliver nicotine into the systemic circulation via the skin. The partial replacement of plasma nicotine, which would have otherwise been obtained from cigarettes, reduces the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and so allows ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199244030-00011
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will discuss the safety profiles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril, enalapril and lisinopril in patients with hypertension. In general, the safety profiles of ACE inhibitors compare favourably with those of other agents used for the treatment of hypertension. Adverse effects a...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198800355-00016
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin glulisine (Apidra) is a human insulin analogue approved for the improvement of glycaemic control in adults, adolescents and children with diabetes mellitus. It has similar binding properties, and is associated with a faster onset but similar level of glucose disposal, to regular human insulin (RHI). Insulin gl...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200969080-00006
更新日期:2009-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Sotagliflozin (Zynquista™) is the first dual inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 and -2 (SGLT1 and 2). In the phase 3, inTANDEM 1-3 trials, adjunctive use of oral sotagliflozin (200 mg or 400 mg once daily) improved glycaemic control and reduced bodyweight and insulin requirements relative to placebo over 24 ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01230-w
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alfuzosin, a new quinazoline derivative, acts as a selective and competitive antagonist of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction of prostatic, prostatic capsule, bladder base and proximal urethral smooth muscle, thereby reducing the tone of these structures. Consequently, urethral pressure and resistance, bladder ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199345030-00008
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of well documented biochemical and pharmacological data about the influence of drug mediated enzyme induction on the biotransformation of natural and synthetic sex steroids, practical consequences for hormonal steroid contraception are described and discussed. Clinical reports dealing with this problem ar...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-197612060-00003
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) is an antiviral agent for topical use in the eye, and is structurally related to idoxuridine. In vitro studies have shown that it effectively inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1, which causes primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis in man. I...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198223050-00001
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the structure, function and distribution of the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and the integrated physiological role of this hormonal system is rapidly increasing, although many questions remain unanswered. The primary structure and localisation of RAS such as renin, prorenin...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199000391-00005
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective once-daily prandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist lixisenatide (Lyxumia(®)) is under development with Sanofi for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lixisenatide belongs to a class of GLP-1 compounds designed to mimic the endogenous hormone GLP-1. Native GLP-1 stimulates insulin...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0033-3
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)-induced asthma (AIA) consists of the clinical triad of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and precipitation of asthma and rhinitis attacks in response to aspirin and other NSAIDs. The prevalence of the syndrome in the adult asthmatic populations is approximately 4-10%. Res...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464210-00004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Involuntary infertility is an increasing problem in this era of delayed childbearing. Fortunately, many advances have been made recently in the medical and surgical treatment of infertility. This article reviews the principal aetiologies of infertility and their treatments, and focuses on the current and future uses o...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198632020-00004
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dementia is commonly diagnosed at a time of major domestic breakdown, when symptoms are severe and family and community patience has been eroded. In order to encourage early referral and identification of patients with treatable conditions, a Memory Clinic is held at the University Hospital in Cardiff. The clinic prov...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700332-00016
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, they are not a homogeneous cell type. Myosin has been used as a marker of SMC differentiation in order to identify distinct SMC populations in the adult rabbit aorta. The medial layer of the normal adult aorta c...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199400481-00003
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare yet well defined subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The correct histological diagnosis of this lymphoma subtype is of the utmost importance; however, it is also a very difficult diagnosis. Clinical management is often complex, and despite the successful introduction of monoclonal ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200767120-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimal pharmacological therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most ardently debated issues in medicine. Presently, most guidelines recommend either a fluoroquinolone alone or dual therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin plus a macrolide in patients hospitalised with CAP, but few provide...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200565140-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to disability and functional decline. Because patients usually develop RA in mid-life, they may experience its consequences for 20-30 years or longer. Proinflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin (IL)-1 and tumour necro...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464220-00001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common clinical problem of recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) in young women may be inconvenient and distressing to both the patient and her family, particularly if the infections are not managed in a rational manner. A suggested approach is included in table 1. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-197713020-00003
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is a common condition with possible serious consequences. It is usually diagnosed at the intermittent claudication stage. There are 2 objectives of treatment: to prevent ischaemic attacks and to improve quality of life. Treatment efficacy is, however, usually evaluated only in ter...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199856003-00004
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between low serum potassium concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias has been observed by a number of investigators in patients with both acute myocardial infarction and symptomatic angina. The increased frequency of ventricular fibrillation in patients with low serum potassium concentrations has not ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198600314-00014
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 2 decades, progressive improvements in the results of organ transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with end-stage organ disease have been achieved due to greater insight into the immunobiology of graft rejection and better measures for surgical and medical management. It is now known that T...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199754040-00003
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lanreotide Autogel (ATG) [Somatuline Depot] is a novel, long-acting preparation of the somatostatin analogue lanreotide acetate that acts via somatostatin receptors to reduce both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. It is indicated for the management of acromegaly and, relative to most...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868050-00013
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is increasing worldwide. Methods for susceptibility testing, as well as in vitro susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains to new and existing agents (including oral and parenteral streptogramins), are described. For all specimens except CSF, oxa...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199600511-00003
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapy for Gram-negative sepsis remains unsatisfactory despite a concerted effort to develop new treatments for this common, life-threatening syndrome. Current research continues on several fronts to improve the treatment options available to clinicians in the management of these critically ill patients. Recently, a ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199855040-00002
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00