Abstract:
:Vesicants (or blister agents) are cytotoxic alkylating compounds, which are chemical agents sometimes collectively known as mustard gas or simply as mustard. Other blister agents are nitrogen mustard; sulfur mustard; lewisite, a vesicant that contains arsenic; and phosgene oxime, a halogenated oxime that possesses different properties and toxicity from the other agents. This article discusses history, toxicity, clinical presentation, and common treatment for vesicants.
journal_name
Crit Care Clinjournal_title
Critical care clinicsauthors
McManus J,Huebner Kdoi
10.1016/j.ccc.2005.06.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
707-18, viissue
4eissn
0749-0704issn
1557-8232pii
S0749-0704(05)00065-5journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Anemia is common in critically ill patients, but treatment with red blood cell transfusions can have unwanted effects. Limiting the occurrence and severity of anemia by using erythropoietic agents (iron and/or recombinant erythropoietin), therefore, remains an attractive option during the intensive care unit stay but ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2012.04.003
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article argues that dopamine infused in low doses has not been shown to avert the onset of or ameliorate the course of acute renal failure in critically ill patients. The inotropic and diuretic effects of dopamine are discussed, and its adverse effects are described. An attempt is made to offer an evidence-based ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70272-4
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with CCI have continuing profound medical needs, poor prognosis for significant functional recovery, and a high mortality rate. Nonetheless, some survive for months or years, but unfortunately, often with functional skills and quality of life lower than need be. Careful evaluation of each patient's medical co...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(02)00011-8
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medication errors are a significant public health problem in United States hospitals. Patients in the ICU are at particular risk for medication errors because of the characteristics of an ICU and the nature of its patients. This article reviews the principles of medication safety and applies these principles to the IC...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2006.02.005
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the broad treatment options, risk stratification of pulmonary embolism is a highly desirable component of management. The ideal tool identifies patients at risk of death from the original or recurrent pulmonary embolism. Using all-cause death in the first 30-days after pulmonary embolism diagnosis as a surrogate...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2020.02.002
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute respiratory failure is common in critically ill children, who are at increased risk of respiratory embarrassment because of the developmental variations in the respiratory system. Although multiple etiologies exist, pneumonia and bronchiolitis are most common. Respiratory system monitoring has evolved, with the ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2012.12.004
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Post-traumatic amnesia, or the interval from injury until the patient is oriented and able to form and later recall new memorie...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.011
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 14 million patients survive sepsis hospitalization each year. However, survivors commonly experience new functional disability, cognitive impairment, and a high rate of further medical setbacks, including hospital readmission and late death. One in 5 older survivors has a potentially preventable hospital ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2018.06.002
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock should be directed toward optimizing oxygen delivery to the tissues. A combination of volume restoration and inotropic support usually is needed. This article identifies the basis and strategies necessary for accomplishing these goals. ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both limb muscle weakness and respiratory muscle weakness are exceedingly common in critically ill patients. Respiratory muscle weakness prolongs ventilator dependence, predisposing to nosocomial complications and death. Limb muscle weakness persists for months after discharge from intensive care and results in poor l...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2018.03.005
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than one-half million patients are hospitalized annually for traumatic brain injury (TBI). One-quarter demonstrate sleep-disordered breathing, up to 50% experience insomnia, and half have hypersomnia. Sleep disturbances after TBI may result from injury to sleep-regulating brain tissue, nonspecific neurohormonal r...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2015.03.012
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury is a common occurrence in the United States, leading to approximately 190,000 deaths or long-term disabilities. Following the primary insult, secondary disturbances in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism may have deleterious effects on potentially viable neurons. Recent studies evaluating C...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70300-6
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The EMR in the ICU has the utility of providing the necessary information to make sound clinical decisions for critically ill patients. For it to be optimized, the EMR must be more than just what is being replicated in the written record or merely a documentation tool; it must add value that supports and enhances clin...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70068-3
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PAC has allowed physicians to obtain information that was unavailable prior to its introduction into clinical medicine. There are numerous pitfalls, however, in obtaining and interpreting this information. Even if these pitfalls are avoided, changing therapy to the patient's benefit based on PAC data is not guaran...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70262-1
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplant patients face challenging medical journeys, with many detours to the intensive care unit. Before and after transplantation, they have significant psychological and cognitive comorbidities, which decrease their quality of life and potentially compromise their medical outcomes. Critical care staff are essenti...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.009
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article has reviewed the current knowledge regarding the occurrence and possible role of oxygen radical generation and lipid peroxidation in acute CNS injury. Although much work remains, three criteria required to establish the pathophysiologic importance of oxygen radical reactions in post-traumatic events have ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leukotrienes are a group of biologically active products of arachidonic acid metabolism that have been demonstrated to possess the capability to alter vascular reactivity as well as vascular permeability when applied topically to tissues or infused into the vascular bed of various organs. These biologic effects of...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In general, coma portends a very poor outcome in ICU patients except when a drug overdose is the cause. Interactions with concurrent diseases and the cause of the comatose state are important variables that modify mortality rates. Recent studies have made it possible to predict irreversibility with a high degree of sp...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.005
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews principles in the rational use of antibiotics in sepsis and septic shock and presents evidence-based recommendations for optimal antibiotic therapy. Every patient with sepsis and septic shock must be evaluated at presentation before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, in most situations...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2009.08.004
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. The interdependent relationship between metabolism, nutrition, and infection is discussed, followed by an extensive description of the various means of determining the appropriate type, form, and ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiogenic shock remains a leading cause of mortality despite advances in the treatment of myocardial infarction and advanced heart failure. Medical therapy can be inadequate, and patients may need mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The proper application of MCS requires knowledge of the underlying cause of acute ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2014.04.002
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critically ill cancer patients have a higher incidence of acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy than critically ill patients without cancer. Acute kidney injury may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself, its treatment, or associated complications. Several recent studies ha...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2009.09.002
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common and frequently unrecognized since the signs and symptoms are relatively nonspecific. CO poisoning causes tissue hypoxia. Additionally, various animal studies have demonstrated that CO interferes with myoglobin, P450, and other enzyme function; causes lipid peroxidation through ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70056-7
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Damage control resuscitation relies on permissive hypotension, minimizing crystalloid use, and early implementation of massive transfusion protocols with established blood component ratios. These protocols improve the survival of the severely injured pati...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2016.08.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is often necessary to transfuse blood products in shock. Use of these products can be life-saving, but they also carry considerable risk. It is important, therefore, that the physician be aware of the indications as well as possible complications, so that a proper decision can be made weighing the risk versus the b...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracorporeal life support is a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass. Experience in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has come largely from the neonatal population. Most centers have transitioned the ECMO pumps from roller pumps to centrifugal technology. Modes of support include venovenous for respirator...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.06.005
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews two important innovations in echocardiography resulting from the recent advances in the capabilities of microprocessors. The first, automatic endocardial border detection, has been implemented on computers contained entirely within echocardiograph machines and is gaining wide clinical use. The sec...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70256-6
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sedative drugs commonly are titrated to effect in critically ill patients. Subjective clinical assessment tools are used to determine the patient's level of sedation, and there clearly is a need for improved quantitative methods of monitoring sedation. This article describes the current methods for assessing the level...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electronic medical records can be used to mine clinical data (big data), providing automated analysis during patient care. This article describes the source and potential impact of big data analysis on risk stratification and early detection of deterioration. It compares use of big data analysis with existing methods ...
journal_title:Critical care clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.12.007
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00