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Three-dimensional analysis of the relationship between synaptic pathology and neuropil threads in Alzheimer disease.

Abstract：

:Recent studies have shown that the Alzheimer disease (AD) neocortex is characterized by a loss of large neurons, the presence of dilated terminal axons, widespread loss of synapses, and a disruption of the dendritic cytoskeleton which is manifested as Tau immunoreactive threads. In the present study we have investigated the relationship between synaptic and dendritic abnormalities in the neocortex of Alzheimer patients and examined the extent to which these structural alterations correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. Quantitative neuroanatomical data were obtained from immunofluorescence-labeled specimens using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, computer-assisted image processing and serial section reconstruction techniques. We found that the AD cases showed a 34% loss in the number of presynaptic terminals per 100 square (sq) microns, many of which showed structural abnormalities. The AD neuropil had an average of 10 +/- 7 dendritic threads per 1,000 sq microns, with the average thread measuring 2 sq microns. Severe AD cases had thicker threads compared with mild to moderate AD cases. Three-dimensional analysis showed clustering of synapses around threads, as well as presynaptic boutons apposed to dendritic neuropil threads. Statistical analysis showed that the strongest correlation was between synapse density and Blessed score of cognitive impairment. Thread counts did not correlate with either but were correlated with tangle counts. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that tangle counts, but not threads, strengthened the correlation between Blessed score and synapses. We conclude that synaptic damage may precede dendritic thread and tangle formation, and that threads do not necessarily induce synaptic pathology. Instead, dendrite sprouting in the denervated regions could be associated with increased accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins observed in the dendritic threads.

journal_name

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol

journal_title

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

authors

Masliah E,Ellisman M,Carragher B,Mallory M,Young S,Hansen L,DeTeresa R,Terry RD

doi

10.1097/00005072-199207000-00003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-07-01 00:00:00

pages

404-14

issue

eissn

0022-3069

issn

1554-6578

journal_volume

pub_type

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Three-dimensional analysis of the relationship between synaptic pathology and neuropil threads in Alzheimer disease.