Abstract:
:Morphologic investigations of the human visual pathways have been limited by the infeasibility of modern neuroanatomical approaches. Although contemporary methods for tracing axon pathways (such as tracer injections and electrophysiology) have elucidated the visual system in experimental animals, these techniques cannot be similarly applied in humans. Thus, the present view of the neuroanatomy of the human visual system is based largely on experimental animal studies, classical simple observations of gross human brains, and clinical inference. We demonstrate use of the stain, paraphenylenediamine (PPD), in conjunction with standard methods of tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Osmium precipitates on degenerating neural processes, resulting in a dark profile when examined by electron microscopy. PPD chelates the osmium in osmium tetroxide-fixed tissue, and thus becomes a light-opaque marker of degenerating processes. This technique allows the identification and tracing of degenerating or degenerated axons. Postmortem studies of six patients, four with documented optic nerve lesions, are presented. The degenerated retinal ganglion nerve fibers are followed with PPD and confirmed with electron microscopy. Previously proposed, primary visual projections are confirmed and new retinofugal pathways are demonstrated in the human brain.
journal_name
J Neuropathol Exp Neuroljournal_title
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurologyauthors
Sadun AA,Smith LE,Kenyon KRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-03-01 00:00:00pages
200-6issue
2eissn
0022-3069issn
1554-6578journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Shigella dysenteriae strains produce an exotoxin (SdT) which inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible cells and is neurotoxic in some species. Intraneural microinjection of highly purified SdT into the cervical vagus nerves of rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits produced cytopathic changes within 24 hours in vagal se...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-198509000-00005
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study introduces an in vitro model of xenogeneic peripheral nerve rejection to analyze the role of macrophages in this complex immunological situation. Nerve-sensitized mouse peritoneal exudate cells were co-cultured with rat peripheral nerve segments. The cultured rat nerve segments were fulminantly rejec...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199401000-00007
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to clarify pathological and anatomical relationships between adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACP) and their surrounding structures. We previously established a QST classification scheme based on the apparent anatomic origin of the tumors. According to this classification, 13 type Q tumor...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nly083
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the CNS that occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Because polyomavirus-induced CNS pathology usually occurs as a result of the reactivation of latent virus, little is known about th...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/63.7.750
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an effective means for diagnosing many disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS). Interpretation of these samples requires an understanding of the spectrum of neurologic diseases which involves the subarachnoid space, either primarily or secondarily, as w...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005072-199205000-00001
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a late-onset inflammatory myopathy with distinctive clinical and histopathological features. The molecular basis for the disease remains unknown, but abnormal nuclear morphology and the accumulation of a protein that binds single-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent fashion suggest a...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199805000-00003
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A working group supported by the Office of Rare Diseases of the National Institutes of Health formulated neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration (CBD) that were subsequently validated by an independent group of neuropathologists. The criteria do not require a specific clinical phenotype, since CBD can h...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1093/jnen/61.11.935
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of 43 human gliomas, consisting of 30 glioblastomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas, 3 low grade astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, and 1 oligodendroglioma, was studied for amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) genes. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-emb...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199501000-00007
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An A and L system of neutral amino acid transport has been demonstrated previously in cerebral microvessels in vivo and in isolated microvessels in vitro. This report describes the neutral amino acid transport properties of cultured cerebral endothelial cells and investigates the influence of astroglia on the transpor...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-198303000-00008
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central nervous system (CNS) tissue was studied by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy from three cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown could be documented. The study focussed upon the role of glial cells in the pathogenesis of demyelination. In acute MS, demyelination ...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199003000-00005
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oligoastrocytoma, as a mixed glioma, represents a nosologic dilemma with respect to precisely defining the oligodendroglial and astroglial phenotypes that constitute the neoplastic cell lineages of these tumors. In this study, cell image analysis with Feulgen-stained nuclei was used to distinguish between oligoden...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199704000-00008
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence has demonstrated a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse biological processes. However, their functions in developing brain with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remain largely unknown. Through a miRNA microarray analysis in a P10 rat model of cerebral HI, we found that miR-30d-5p was one of the most de...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlx052
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concern of the potential transmission of animal spongiform encephalopathies to humans, which arose as soon as the interspecies transmission of these diseases was recognized, has been reinforced with the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Recent experimental findings suggest that the inf...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jnen/61.5.377
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have established the key role of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in post-translational processing, transport and targeting of proteins destined for secretion, lysosomes and plasma membranes. Moreover, several studies performed in our laboratories have shown that the size of the immunocytochemically detected ...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199509000-00013
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue microarrays (TMAs), also known as "tissue chips," are a recently developed method that allows small cores or discs of tissue from dozens or hundreds of (usually paraffin-embedded) specimens to be re-embedded in a tissue block, which can then be further sectioned. The tissue cores can subsequently be studied usi...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jnen/61.8.653
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective analysis of 14 patients who presented with a progressively expanding mass lesion(s) shown at biopsy/autopsy to represent acute demyelination was carried out. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal neuropathological approach to diagnosis and to determine the clinical evolution of this cond...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/59.6.477
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This morphometric study explores temporal and topographic changes in the estimated neuronal number in human neocortex during the latter half of gestation and early infancy. Neuronal estimates are calculated from standardized measurements of cortical layer thickness and neuronal density in 6 neocortical regions in 9 hu...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the finding that anti-prion antibodies stain sensory and sympathetic ganglia in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), it was suggested that this localization supported the oral route of entry. However, prion accumulation subsequently also appeared in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in sporadic cases. Thi...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000175330.66715.08
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) in meningioma biology are not known. In this study, frozen tissues from 26 World Health Organization Grades I to III meningiomas were analyzed by Western blot for BMP-2/4, BMPR IA, and BMPR II, and activation of downstream p-Smad1, p38 mitogen...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181bc6642
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) are a pathologic hallmark of multiple system atrophy (MSA), but their pathogenetic roles need to be clarified. To determine possible roles of GCIs in individual cells, serial optical sections obtained by confocal microscopy were reconstructed to yield 3-dimensional (3D) images of th...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181b67678
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two basic proteins, P1 of molecular weight 14,200 and P2 of molecular weight 12,300, purified from bovine peripheral nerve, were assayed for biological activity. The P1 protein is an exclusively neuritogenic agent, capable of producing clinical signs of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) and histological abnormaliti...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-197501000-00004
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed cell death (PCD) via apoptosis is characterized by nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation, and biochemically by oligonucleosomal cleavage of DNA. Apoptosis occurs in the developing nervous system, whereas its role in neurodegenerative diseases is still debated. Recognition of apoptotic cells has recently been f...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199411000-00008
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paramyxoviruses such as measles virus or canine distemper virus are etiological agents for acute and chronic encephalitis (measles inclusion body encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and chronic distemper encephalitis or old dog encephalitis). The mechanisms by which viral injury leads to neurological dis...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199309000-00005
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are a common MRI finding, representing underlying cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH). The etiology of CMB and microhemorrhages is obscure. We conducted a pathological investigation of CMH, combining standard and immunohistological analyses of postmortem human brains. We analyzed 5 brain regions...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jnen/nlaa082
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large complex membranous bodies are described in the cerebral cortex of adult rats. Although these bodies are not very prevalent, they appear with increasing frequency as the age of the animal increases from 12 to 28 months. The membranous bodies are composed of varying amounts of membranes, cytoplasm and empty vacuol...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-197603000-00003
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many degenerative and metabolic muscle diseases cells die without a marked inflammatory response. A potential mechanism how this could be accomplished is apoptotic cell death. Since there are no data available about apoptosis in cells of myogenic origin, we examined rat skeletal myoblasts for their potential to und...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199601000-00004
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 63 patients with malabsorption syndromes, 16 with congenital biliary atresia (BA) and 47 with cystic fibrosis (CF), axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus (ADG) was studied. Of the 16 patients with BA, ADG of considerable severity was observed in all 10 over one year of age. Of the 47 patients with CF, it was obse...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-198009000-00007
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histological examination by light and electron microscopy of the spinal cords of four dogs rapidly perfusion-fixed after the onset of decompression sickness revealed the presence of numerous non-staining, space-occupying lesions that were absent in similarly prepared sections of control or ischemic spinal cords. We pr...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-198807000-00008
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clade C is the most common HIV infection worldwide, yet its impact on the nervous system remains largely unknown. Autopsy studies from regions affected by this virus are scarce, and HIV dementia has only rarely been reported from these countries. Most patients who deve...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181461d3e
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), a dominantly inherited disorder, is typically manifested as bilateral vestibular Schwannomas and predisposes to other nervous system tumors. Vestibular Schwannomas also occur sporadically but the onset is usually at an older age. Surgical and histological studies have shown that vestibular S...
journal_title:Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005072-199511000-00004
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00