Abstract:
:The initial host response to viral infection occurs after Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells (DC) are stimulated by viral nucleic acids (double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA) and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta are produced. We hypothesized that pharmacologic induction of innate antiviral responses in the cervicovaginal mucosa by topical application of TLR agonists prior to viral exposure could prevent or blunt vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To test this hypothesis, we treated rhesus monkeys intravaginally with either the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), or the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod. Both immune modifiers rapidly induced IFN-alpha and other antiviral effector molecules in the cervicovaginal mucosa of treated animals. However, both CpG ODN and imiquimod also induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in the cervicovaginal mucosa. In the vaginal mucosa of imiquimod-treated monkeys, we documented a massive mononuclear cell infiltrate consisting of activated CD4(+) T cells, DC, and beta-chemokine-secreting cells. After vaginal SIV inoculation, all TLR agonist-treated animals became infected and had plasma vRNA levels that were higher than those of control monkeys. We conclude that induction of mucosal innate immunity including an IFN-alpha response is not sufficient to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Wang Y,Abel K,Lantz K,Krieg AM,McChesney MB,Miller CJdoi
10.1128/JVI.79.22.14355-14370.2005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
14355-70issue
22eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
79/22/14355journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) protease and its substrate, the assembly protein ICP35, are involved in virion maturation. Both proteins are encoded by a single open reading frame but are translated independently from 3'-coterminal mRNAs of different sizes and are in frame. The herpesvirus shell assembles arou...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.11.6794-6796.1992
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.10.6099-6106.1992
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.44.2.736-741.1982
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.2.1196-1199.1994
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Testudinid herpesvirus 3 (TeHV-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease affecting several tortoise species. The threat that this virus poses to endangered animals is focusing efforts on characterizing its properties, in order to enable the development of prophylactic methods. We have sequenced the genom...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03222-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00