Abstract：
:The penetration of benzyl alcohol (BA) through split-thickness cadaver skin was measured in nonoccluded Franz cells placed in a fume hood. BA, dissolved in a small volume of ethanol and spiked with (14)C radiolabel, was applied to skin at nine doses ranging from 0.9 to 10600 microg/cm(2). The percentage of radioactivity penetrated after 24 h increased gradually with dose, ranging from 19.8 +/- 2.9% at the lowest dose to 29.2 +/- 3.0% at the highest. Less than 4% of the radioactivity was retained in the tissue at 24 h; the remainder was considered to be evaporated. These data and those from a previous study were analyzed in terms of a finite dose diffusion/evaporation model. The analysis showed that the increase in BA absorption with dose was consistent with a threefold increase in BA diffusivity in the stratum corneum, as its concentration increased from tracer levels to saturation. The variable diffusivity model was able to describe the combined observations from the two studies to within an rms error of 4.2% of dose. A method of estimating the diffusion model parameters independently of the experiment was found to yield good agreement with the experimentally-derived values at low and moderate doses.
journal_name
J Pharm Scijournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical sciencesauthors
Miller MA,Bhatt V,Kasting GBdoi
10.1002/jps.20513subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
281-91issue
2eissn
0022-3549issn
1520-6017pii
S0022-3549(16)31951-7journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Apparent acidity constants obtained for various benzothiadiazine diuretics by semiaqueous potentiometric titrations gave satisfactory agreement with many values obtained by aqueous potentiometry. One suitable method for determining the acidity constants of sparingly soluble drugs, the solubility variation with pH tech...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600700324
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) are an important technology for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. To design an effective oral SDD formulation, the key rate-determining step(s) for oral drug absorption must be understood. This work combined in vivo and in vitro tests with in silico modeli...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.031
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influences of 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl-, 1-hexyl-, and 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone in their saline solutions on the transport of beta-estradiol, corticosterone, and hydrocortisone across hairless mouse skin under in vitro conditions have been investigated by the physical model approach. The experimental data were interpreted w...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600840310
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some coated aspirin tablet formulations were evaluated by relating their properties to disintegrating force development patterns. The treatment of disintegrating force-time curves was effected using the Weibull distribution as proposed for dissolution. Such parameters as the maximum disintegrating force developed, the...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600730531
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A specific and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was developed for the quantitative analysis of carboplatin (JM-8) in dog plasma ultrafiltrate. Plasma ultrafiltrate samples were generated using Amicon Centrifree micropartition systems or Amicon Centriflo cones, and injected onto a m...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600770318
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amorphous nifedipine (NFD), which has a smooth surface immediately after preparation, was shown to have structures resembling clusters of curling and branching fibers approximately 1 μm wide by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after storage at 25°C. The size of the cluster-like structures increased with storage over time...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.22603
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stent implantation following angioplasty is the standard treatment of coronary artery disease necessitating interventional procedures. The use of stents as a platform for local drug delivery is a popular strategy to achieve local pharmacological treatment to the diseased artery. Drug eluting stents (DES) are now large...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/jps.20957
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is considered one of the most effective vaccines and can be manufactured quickly and inexpensively to counter seasonal or pandemic influenza. Lyophilization is widely used in vaccine production. However, it requires a longer production cycle and large-scale equipment, thus posi...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.017
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antifungal activity of amphotericin B (AmB) incorporated in three cholesteryl carbonate esters (CCEs), sodium cholesteryl carbonate, cholesteryl palmityl carbonate, and dicholesteryl carbonate, was examined to assess their potential for use in a dry powder aerosol. Formulations containing dissolved AmB were stable...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.22398
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work employs recent advances in high-resolution real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the disintegration process of tablets containing disintegrants. A temporal resolution of 75 ms and a spatial resolution of 80 × 80 µm with a section thickness of only 600 µm were achieved. The histogra...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.23789
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The quassinoids bruceantin, brucein D, brucein E, bruceoside A, and brusatol significantly inhibited P-388 lymphocytic leukemic cell RNA and protein synthesis in tissue culture. However, DNA synthesis inhibition seemed to correlate more directly with the anti-neoplastic activity of these compounds in the in vivo P-338...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600680726
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical micellar concentration (cmc) values of some mixed systems containing two bile salts were determined by a maximum pressure bubble method and compared with those derived from a theoretical model developed for nonionic surfactants to assess the applicability of this model to such systems. Some assumptions on...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600840514
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glasses were prepared from a number of barbiturates. The viscosities and glass transition temperatures of the glasses were dependent on the structure of the groups present on the C-5 and N-1 atoms. Solid dispersions were prepared from three selected barbiturates formulated with citric acid. The glass transition temper...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600671126
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A procedure for the simultaneous analysis of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography was developed and evaluated. Separation is effected on a porous particle silicic acid column with chloroform dioxane-isopropanol-acetic acid (310:9.7:1.0:0.1 by volume) and is monitored at ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600640516
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oil-frozen water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) double emulsions (DE) containing ethanol up to 40% (w/v) in the external aqueous W₂ phase exhibited external coalescence upon thawing of the oil phase, releasing up to 85% of the encapsulated protein of the internal aqueous phase. These emulsions were studied in vitro as pote...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.22362
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An aqueous solution of trimedoxime bromide, atropine, and benactyzine hydrochloride was formulated to have maximum stability as an antidote in organophosphorus poisoning. The stability of the mixture in glass and plastic cartridges was determined. Glass cartridges were more desirable than plastic; there was less vapor...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600710315
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of direct zero-order UV spectrophotometric and graphical or derivative background correction methods to selected pharmaceutical preparations shows their relative advantages in different situations. The assay of the active components in a changeable matrix is a problem with formulations having a limited...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600690605
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel method is described for the preparation of sterile and pyrogen-free submicron liposomes of narrow size distribution. The method is based on the formation of a homogeneous dispersion of lipids in water-soluble carrier materials. To obtain the lipid-containing solid dispersion, liposome-forming lipids and water-...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.20055
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Particulate matter present in drug products intended for parenteral administration to patients is typically monitored and controlled in the finished drug product to minimize potential risks to patients. In contrast to particulates found in drug products, the current study evaluated particulates representative of mater...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.020
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzyl alcohol (BA) is the most widely used antimicrobial preservative in multidose protein formulations, and has been shown to cause protein aggregation. Our previous work on a model protein cytochrome c demonstrated that this phenomenon occurs via partial unfolding. Here, we examine the validity of these results by ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.24105
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new polymorphic form of Alprazolam (Xanax), 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-alpha][1,4]benzodiazepine, C(17)H(13)ClN(4), has been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This polymorphic form (form III...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.20930
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study of the pH of saliva produced by humans sucking hard candy lozenges containing zinc gluconate and citric acid demonstrated the probability that the formulation delivered an insignificant amount of the contained zinc as Zn2+. This could account for the negative results of several clinical studies of this lozenge...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600810205
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major objective of this study was to investigate and characterize the solution properties of cromolyn sodium (in D(2)O or D(2)O/H(2)O phosphate buffer at pH 7.5) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The self-association of cromolyn molecules was examined primarily via one-dimensional (1)H and (13)C...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.20034
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we investigated the potential roles of nanoparticles (<100 nm) and submicron (100-1000 nm) particles in the formation of microparticles (>1000 nm) in protein formulations under some pharmaceutically relevant stress conditions. Exposure of intravenous immunoglobulin solutions to the interface-associated ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.016
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dissolution rates of a number of drug-urethan solid-state dispersion systems were studied. A marked enhancement of the initial dissolution rates of several poorly water-soluble drugs was found when they were incorporated into a urethan matrix by heat fusion. These differences were considerable when pure substances...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600670332
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of cosolvent exclusion was developed by a group of Timasheff's laboratory in 1970-1990 and is currently used widely to explain the effects of a variety of cosolvents on the stability and solubility of macromolecules. Not surprisingly, these concepts have had substantial influence in the fields of formulati...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.006
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formulation pH has been reported to be responsible for the incidence of phlebitis. In this study, the effect of pH on injection phlebitis is investigated. Buffers of varying pHs were examined for their ability to produce phlebitis in rabbits. Thermal measurements as well as visual evaluations were used for phlebitis q...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600840427
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of body temperature on the pharmacodynamics (convulsant activity) of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Rats received an iv infusion of PTZ until the onset of maximal seizures, at which time samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and blood (for serum) were obta...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600801005
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of carboxylesterase (CES) and the transdermal movement of an ester prodrug were studied in rat skin. Ethyl-fexofenadine (ethyl-FXD) was used as a model lipophilic prodrug that is slowly hydrolyzed to its parent drug, FXD (MW 502). Among the CES1 and CES2 isozymes, Hydrolase A is predominant in rat skin ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.24648
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three series of 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazolesulfonylurea derivatives were prepared and evaluated as hypoglycemic agents. Preliminary biological testing revealed that the new compounds possess moderate hypoglycemic activity. ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600720908
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
