Abstract：
:In iontophoresis, an electric field across the skin induces electromigration of exogenously applied and endogenously present ions. The approach can be used to improve dramatically drug delivery by elimination of competing co-ions in the externally applied formulation, as this maximizes the fraction of current carried by (i.e., the transport number of) the drug. In this study, the dependence of the transport number on the nature of the ions present at the anode and cathode was examined using 12 different combinations of ions (4 cations x 3 anions). Cationic transport numbers (t(C+) (o)) were a function of their inherent mobilities and depended upon those of the single anion at the cathode; however, t(C+) (o) was independent of the counter-ion concentration. The extensive data obtained agreed well, furthermore, with a theoretical framework previously developed for this so-called "single-ion" situation. In addition, there was a strong correlation between ionic transport numbers in the skin and those in aqueous solution, which are easily estimated from measurements of ionic mobility. It follows that it should be possible, from the framework developed here, to establish a predictive tool, combining theory with simple experiments, for the optimization of iontophoretic drug delivery.
journal_name
J Pharm Scijournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical sciencesauthors
Mudry B,Guy RH,Delgado-Charro MBdoi
10.1002/jps.20561subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
561-9issue
3eissn
0022-3549issn
1520-6017pii
S0022-3549(16)31976-1journal_volume
95pub_type
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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doi：10.1002/jps.20745
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transformation of polymorph I of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CHS) to polymorph II of CHS during the crystallization was monitored by using in situ measurement of ultrasonic velocity. Drowning-out crystallization using methanol as a solvent and isopropyl alcohol as nonsolvent was carried out. The polymorphs were iden...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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