Abstract:
:Key pecking of pigeons under a fixed-ratio 100, grain reinforcer schedule was followed by electric shock occurring once in each sequence of 100 responses with the shocked response varying irregularly in successive sequences. Under this shock schedule, a localized suppression of responding in a response sequence was not correlated with the probability of shock at different points in the sequence. High shock levels increased the duration of post-reinforcement pauses and suppressed responding during the first half of the response sequence. This suppression often persisted after the shocked response when shock occurred early in the sequence. The shock schedule did not produce a consistent suppressing effect on responding during the last half of the response sequence.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Dardano JFdoi
10.1901/jeab.1972.17-433subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1972-05-01 00:00:00pages
433-41issue
3eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study uses a curve-fitting approach to evaluate the effects of drugs on reinforced responding in rats. The subjects obtained reinforcement according to a series of five different variable-interval schedules (a five-component multiple schedule). For each rat, pimozide, a neuroleptic, decreased response rate, and t...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-113
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments studied the phenomenon of procrastination, in which pigeons chose a larger, more delayed response requirement over a smaller, more immediate response requirement. The response requirements were fixed-interval schedules that did not lead to an immediate food reinforcer, but that interrupted a 55-s perio...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1998.69-185
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to discriminate a slow click-rate from its absence, or to discriminate it from a faster click-rate. Subsequent click-rate generalization tests produced the usual steepened gradients after the intradimensional discrimination but produced flat gradients after presence/absence discrimination. The occ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-23
更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, the performance of rats under constant-probability and arithmetic variable-interval schedules respectively was compared when the concentration of a liquid reinforcer was varied within sessions; in other sessions, half of the reinforcers were randomly omitted. When the discriminative function of the...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-1
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the attention given John B. Watson during the century since he introduced behaviorism, there remain questions about what he really contributed. He is still appropriately criticized for his arrogant self-promotion and especially for his perceived emphasis on a simple S-R reflexology. However, we argue that the ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.98
更新日期:2014-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested the notion that an equivalence relation may include a response when differential responses are paired with stimuli presented during training. Eight normal adults learned three kinds of computer mouse movements as differential response topographies (R1, R2, and R3). Next, in matching-to-sample trainin...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2006.04-03
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basic research with pigeons on behavioral momentum suggests that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) can increase the resistance of target behavior to change. This finding suggests that clinical applications of DRA may inadvertently increase the persistence of target behavior even as it decreases ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.93-349
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operant conditioning techniques were applied to the study of how target fixations are controlled by the probability of signal occurrence. In a standard vigilance setting, gaze at three illuminable volt meters was monitored by a Mackworth television eye camera with automatic recording capability. Gaze at a given meter ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-411
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altruistic behavior has been defined in economic terms as "…costly acts that confer economic benefits on other individuals" (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2003). In a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation benefits the group but is costly to the individual (relative to defection), yet a significant number of players choose to coo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model of conditional discrimination performance (Davison & Nevin, 1999) is combined with the notion that unmeasured attending to the sample and comparison stimuli, in the steady state and during disruption, depends on reinforcement in the same way as predicted for overt free-operant responding by behavioral momentum...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2005.97-04
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herrnstein and Heyman (1979) showed that when pigeons' pecking is reinforced on concurrent variable-interval variable-ratio schedules, (1) their behavior ratios match the ratio of the schedules' reinforcer frequencies, and (2) there is more responding on the variable interval. Since maximizing the reinforcement rate w...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1984.41-83
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When subjects learn to associate two sample durations with two comparison keys, do they learn to associate the keys with the short and long samples (relational hypothesis), or with the specific sample durations (absolute hypothesis)? We exposed 16 pigeons to an ABA design in which phases A and B corresponded to tasks ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.98-23
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a color-tracking procedure with responses reinforced under a second-order schedule, the discriminative-stimulus properties of phencyclidine were studied in pigeons maintained at 70%, 80%, or 90% of their free-feeding weights. The generalization curves for phencyclidine were similar at all three body weights. Gen...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1987.47-233
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the experiment was to study the relation between what an organism does in a setting that demands temporal patterning of behavior and what it reports it has done. More specifically, a pigeon produced two classes, shorter and longer, of temporal patterns of key pecks (interresponse times) on a center key....
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.39-61
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons' responses in the presence of two concurrently available (initial-link) stimuli produced one of two different (terminal-link) stimuli according to identical but independent variable-interval schedules. Responses in the presence of each terminal-link stimulus produced equal frequencies of food reinforcement, bu...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-15
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four experiments were conducted with pigeons to assess the experimental conditions necessary for the occurrence of resurgence. The general procedure consisted of the following conditions: Condition 1--reinforcement of key pecking; Condition 2--reinforcement of treadle pressing and concurrent extinction of key pecking;...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2003.80-217
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A procedure is described for establishing an operant response in goats. The operanda are two lucite panels which can be transilluminated. The goats press the panels with their muzzles and are reinforced with whole oats. All six subjects showed reliable and accurate performance in brightness discrimination, including c...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-263
更新日期:1964-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons with extensive training pecking a key illuminated by a white line then had brief training with the key illuminated by 555 nanometers. This was immediately followed by a wavelength generalization test in extinction. Dimensional stimulus control about the training wavelength increased with the duration and numbe...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1976.26-191
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. In Experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. In Experiment 2, food...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.57-145
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which responding on fixed-interval schedules was required to give access to the alternate schedule. Responding on the concurrent schedules was not allowed, after changing over had commenced, until the changeover schedule had been completed. In Parts...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.55-47
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male and female college students answered standard questions about the women's liberation movement on three occasions. A set of target words was embedded in the questions, with one set used in Sessions 1 and 3, and a synonymous, but different set used in Session 2. The relative frequencies of usage of a given target w...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-213
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of responding changed systematically across sessions for rats pressing levers and keys and for pigeons pressing treadles and pecking keys. A bitonic function in which response rates increased and then decreased across sessions was the most common finding, although an increase in responding also occurred alone. T...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.58-19
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule which provided equally frequent reinforcement in the presence of two stimuli but which produced markedly different rates of key-pecking. Generalization gradients were displaced away from the stimulus associated with the lower rate of key-pecking. Another group of pigeons had...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-415
更新日期:1968-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrete-trials adjusting-delay procedure was used to investigate the conditions under which pigeons might show a preference for partial reinforcement over 100% reinforcement, an effect reported in a number of previous experiments. A peck on a red key always led to a delay with red houselights and then food. In each...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-63
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the role of learning history on the acquisition of a matching-to-sample task. Twelve preschool children learned four stimulus classes through instructions, shaping, or imitation. After reaching criterion, the subjects were exposed to changed discrimination contingencies to determine how each learni...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.56-155
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1999.72-279
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons' pecks on either of two concurrently available response keys produced secondary reinforcers according to independent one-minute variable-interval schedules. Different secondary reinforcers, in the presence of which the rates of primary reinforcement were equal, were associated with each key. The rate of peckin...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-9
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three pigeons were each trained to perform a discrimination problem and a matching problem. Following acquisition, delays of 1 to 7 sec were interposed after stimulus presentation on both problems. Accuracy of responding on these two types of delay procedures was observed to be a function of length of delay interval. ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-529
更新日期:1967-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments on single, multiple, and concurrent schedules of reinforcement find various correlations between the rate of responding and the rate or magnitude of reinforcement. For concurrent schedules (i.e., simultaneous choice procedures), there is matching between the relative frequencies of responding and reinforce...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.13-243
更新日期:1970-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison was made of two methods for training monkeys to "observe" a two-member serial position sequence by pressing two consecutively lighted keys and then to "report" the sequence by pressing the same two keys in the same order but without the lights. A fading technique involving gradual elimination of brightness ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.15-335
更新日期:1971-05-01 00:00:00