Abstract：
:The self-cleaving RNA sequences, or ribozymes, in the genomic and antigenomic strands of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA fold into structures that are similar to each other but distinct from those of small ribozymes associated with the RNA replicons that infect plants. HDV ribozymes have provided a tractable system for studying the mechanism of catalytic RNA, and results of biochemical and structural studies on the HDV ribozymes, from a number of labs, have enhanced our understanding and expanded our thinking about the potential for catalytic roles of RNA side chains. The results of these studies are consistent with models suggesting that both an active-site cytosine and a divalent metal ion have catalytic roles in facilitating the cleavage reaction in the HDV ribozymes. Despite recent advances, details about the catalytic mechanism of the HDV ribozyme continue to be debated, and these ribozymes should serve as a good system for further study.
journal_name
Curr Top Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyauthors
Been MDdoi
10.1007/3-540-29802-9_3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-65eissn
0070-217Xissn
2196-9965journal_volume
307pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a formidable foe equipped with an armamentarium of virulence factors to thwart host defenses and establish a successful infection. Among these virulence factors, S. aureus produces several potent secreted proteins that act as cytotoxins, predominant among them the beta-barrel pore-...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2016_16
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The global need for a pandemic influenza vaccine is large. High-income countries have stated their intent to provide universal access for pandemic influenza vaccine to their populations. Assuming that a two-dose schedule would be needed, providing universal coverage globally would represent approximately 6.5 billion t...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_23
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thus, in our studies, we demonstrated that CpG ODN are effective in preventing the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Antigen-associated elevation of serum IgE levels is also suppressed. CpG ODN, administered in conjunction with antigen, is also ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_15
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular response of cancer cells to hypoxia is the focus of intense research. In the last decade, research into microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNAs which have a role in regulation of mRNA and translation, has grown exponentially. miR-210 has emerged as the predominant miRNA regulated by hypoxia. Elucidation of its ta...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_76
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure remains the leading source of morbidity and mortality in Western society and medical management of this condition offers only palliative treatment. While allogeneic heart transplantation can both extend and improve the quality of life for patients with end-st...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-18846-6_4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xenotransplantation is a public health concern because it has the potential to infect human recipients with zoonotic and other infectious agents that are not endemic in human populations, thereby potentially introducing new infections to the human community. From this perspective, xenotransplantation clinical trials c...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_2
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems, type III secretion systems (T3SS) possess a unique extracellular molecular apparatus called the needle. This macromolecular protein assembly is a nanometre-size filament formed by the helical arrangement of hundreds of copies of a single, small protein, which is hig...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2019_192
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhabdoviruses, mainly in rainbow trout, are among the most devastating viruses for worldwide aquaculture. To date no effective treatments to fight against these viruses are available. During the past years, several approaches to develop efficient vaccines have been undertaken such as the use of immunogenic recombinant...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27485-5_6
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every enveloped virus fuses its membrane with a host cell membrane, thereby releasing its genome into the cytoplasm and initiating the viral replication cycle. In each case, one or a small set of viral surface transmembrane glycoproteins mediates fusion. Viral fusion proteins vary in their mode of activation and in st...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-26764-6_2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Host cell attachment by influenza A viruses is mediated by the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA), and the recognition of specific types of sialic acid -containing glycan receptors constitutes one of the major determinants of viral host range and transmission properties. Structural studies have elucidated some of the vir...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_423
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prototypes of the human MYC and RAF gene families are orthologs of animal proto-oncogenes that were originally identified as transduced alleles in the genomes of highly oncogenic retroviruses. MYC and RAF genes are now established as key regulatory elements in normal cellular physiology, but also as major cancer d...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2017_4
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate host response to influenza virus infection plays a critical role in determining the subsequent course of infection and the clinical outcome of disease. The host has a diverse array of detection and effector mechanisms that are able to recognize and initiate effective antiviral responses. In opposition, the ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_412
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Translocations or amplifications which activate members of the myc gene family are common in human cancer. c-Myc is a central regulator of normal cell proliferation and differentiation (Luscher and Eisenman, 1991; Marcu et al. 1992) and can induce apoptosis (Askew et al. 1991, 1993; Evan et al. 1992; Bissonette et al....
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-79275-5_33
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, the complement system has evolved an important function in regulation of humoral immunity to T-dependent antigens. Covalent attachment of activated C3 to antigen alters its fate by enhancing uptake on the surface of FDC via CD21/CD35; and by enhancing signal transduction via the B cell coreceptor CD21/CD19...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-60162-0_8
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 66 encodes a basophilic kinase orthologous to the US3 protein kinases found in all alphaherpesviruses. This review summarizes current information on the ORF66 kinase, and outlines apparent differences from other US3 kinases, as well as some of the conserved fun...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2009_7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Commercial vaccines currently available against swine influenza virus (SIV) are inactivated, adjuvanted, whole virus vaccines, based on H1N1 and/or H3N2 and/or H1N2 SIVs. In keeping with the antigenic and genetic differences between SIVs circulating in Europe and the US, the vaccines for each region are produced local...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_266
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increased risk for severe dengue disease during secondary dengue virus (DENV) infections, along with the clinical and pathological evidence pointing to cytokines as the proximal mediators of disease, has interested cellular immunologists in exploring the role of DENV-specific T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of d...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-02215-9_7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the wealth of data describing the ecological factors that underpin viral emergence, little is known about the evolutionary processes that allow viruses to jump species barriers and establish productive infections in new hosts. Understanding the evolutionary basis to virus emergence is therefore a key research ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been estimated that there are more microorganisms within and upon the human body than there are human cells. By necessity, every accessible niche must be defended by innate mechanisms to prevent invasive infection, and ideally that precludes the need for robust inflammatory responses. Yet the potential for path...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-29916-5_5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have focused on two genetic loci, c-myb and Mml1, whose activation by retroviral insertional mutagenesis contribute to promonocytic leukemia in our acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) model. Multiple mechanisms of activation of c-myb by retroviral insertional mutagenesis implicate both transcriptional deregulation...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-85232-9_19
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenoviruses contain genes that have evolved to control the host immune and inflammatory responses; however, it is not clear whether these genes function primarily to facilitate survival of the virus during acute infection or during its persistent phase. These issues have assumed greater importance as the use of adeno...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-662-05599-1_4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The collaboration between Alick Isaacs and myself started in the summer of 1956. Our initial project was to show, by electron microscopy, that interference between inactivated influenza virus and live virus involved the transfer of material from the interfering virus to the host cell. This approach failed for technica...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-71329-6_1
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NF-κB is a pivotal transcription factor that controls cell survival and proliferation in diverse physiological processes. The activity of NF-κB is tightly controlled through its cytoplasmic sequestration by specific inhibitors, IκBs. Various cellular stimuli induce the activation of an IκB kinase, which phosphorylates...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_108
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteasomes are highly abundant cytosolic and nuclear protease complexes that degrade most intracellular proteins in higher eukaryotes and appear to play a major role in the cytosolic steps of MHC class I antigen processing. This review summarizes the knowledge of the role of proteasomes in antigen processing and the ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-59414-4_5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface glycoprotein on influenza viruses and mediates viral attachment and subsequent fusion with host cells. The HA is the major target of the immune response, but due to its high level of variability, as evidenced by substantial antigenic diversity, it had been historically...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_413
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitogenic dermonecrotic toxin from Pasteurella multocida (PMT) is a 1285-residue multipartite protein that belongs to the A-B family of bacterial protein toxins. Through its G-protein-deamidating activity on the α subunits of heterotrimeric G(q)-, G(i)- and G(12/13)-proteins, PMT potently stimulates downstream mit...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_219
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, responsible for infections in the community and the healthcare setting. Although much of the attention is focused on the methicillin-resistant "variant" MRSA, the methicillin-susceptible counterpart (MSSA) remains a prime species in infections. The epidemiology of ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2016_3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumors are formed following the accumulation of several genetic changes in genes which normally function to regulate cell growth. As yet it is unclear why multiple mutations are required, which type of alterations can collaborate with each other, and if collaboration is cell-type specific. In our myc transgenic mouse ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-77633-5_62
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) actively repress the expression of their primary response genes through the recruitment of transcriptional corepressor complexes to regulated promoters. N-CoR and the highly related SMRT were originally isolated and characterized by their ability to interact exclusivelywith the un...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55747-7_9
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main functions of retroviral glycoproteins are recognition and binding to the cellular virus receptor as well as fusion of viral and cellular lipid membranes to release the viral particle into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Foamy viruses (FVs) are a special group of retroviruses with a very broad host range that ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55701-9_5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
