Abstract:
:In an effort to keep abreast of the changing needs of a more affluent society and to ensure better value for money, the British are reforming their National Health Service. They are promoting competition and entrepreneurship, and directing funding to follow a patient rather than flowing directly to institutions. British physicians are resisting these changes. The United States, in the middle of a health care crisis of its own, can learn a great deal from Britain, especially in the area of controlling expenditures. The low cost of the National Health Service can be attributed to four major factors: (1) It is general practitioner driven and no patient accesses a specialist or hospital directly. (2) Hospitals, which employ all the specialists and supply most of the technology, operate on very tight, cash-limited budgets. (3) Administrative costs are very low. (4) The expense of malpractice is not (yet) a major concern. Changes occurring in both countries foretell a future wherein our health care systems may look very much alike.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Vall-Spinosa Adoi
10.2105/ajph.81.12.1566subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-12-01 00:00:00pages
1566-70issue
12eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to establish the prevalence of physical activity among smokers, whether or not physically active smokers were more likely to attempt cessation, and who these physically active smokers were. METHODS:We used logistic regression to contrast physically active and inactive smokers in a secondary data a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.120469
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of Reducing the Risk (RTR) and Love Notes (LN) on reducing risky sexual behavior among youths yet to experience or cause a pregnancy. METHODS: The four dependent variables were ever had sex, condom use, birth control use, and number of sexual partners at 3- and 6-month follow-up in a 3...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303429
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identified factors associated with death at home for 28,828 hospice and non-hospice cancer patients in 13 counties of western Washington State. Hospice participation was found to be the variable most strongly associated with death at home. Admission to hospice appears to override the tendency for certain subgroups ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.11.1549
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female condom is the only other barrier contraception method besides the male condom, and it is the only "woman-initiated" device for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Although studies demonstrate high acceptability and effectiveness for this device, overall use in the United States remains low. The f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.179598
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the association between reported use of vitamin supplements and risk of cataract and cataract extraction. METHODS:The study population consisted of 17,744 participants in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin therapy and beta-carot...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.788
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended discontinuing the use of adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) to treat influenza because of high levels of resistance to this class of antivirals. We examined changes in prescribing practices resulting from this recommendation and found that presc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.171462
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and HIV diagnosis rates in the United States and whether racial/ethnic disparities in diagnosis rates persist after control for SEP. METHODS:We used cases of HIV infection among persons aged 13 years and older, diagnosed 2005 through 2009 in 3...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300853
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This prospective study was done in a health maintenance organization colorectal cancer screening program to determine whether 166 persons found to have abnormal fecal occult blood test results typically underwent complete diagnostic evaluation (i.e., either colonoscopy or barium enema x-ray plus flexible sigmoidoscopy...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.11.1620
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report describes a model for delivering developmental services to children of patients in treatment for substance abuse. METHODS:A multidisciplinary team provides developmental evaluations of children at a substance abuse treatment clinic. RESULTS:In 3 years of operation, 85% of 117 children completed...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.12.1930
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Suffering from waning demand, poor quality, and reform efforts enabling veterans to "vote with their feet" and leave, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) health care system transformed itself through a series of substantive changes. We examined the evolution of primary care changes underlying VA's transf...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.115709
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::National rates of unintended births are a major public health concern. The availability of highly effective long-acting contraceptives has prompted some public officials to promote the coercive use of these methods to reduce such problems as intergenerational poverty and child abuse. Broad-brush public policies that r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.6.787
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the efficacy of skills training designed to increase female condom use among women. METHODS:We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 409 women, recruited from family planning clinics in northern California, who were randomly assigned to the experimental 4-session female condom skills train...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.113050
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the cesarean rates in different child policy periods and assess the medical necessity of cesareans during the 2-child policy period. METHODS:We collected hospital-level aggregate data on 93 745 deliveries and individual-level data on 27 977 deliveries from 6 hospitals in the Hubei and Gansu prov...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304868
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated a community-based 12-week healthy lifestyle program in Moloka'i, HI, called Ke 'Ano Ola, which was developed to decrease chronic disease risk through health education emphasizing weight loss, exercise, and risk factor reduction. Program leaders' strong commitment and positive role modeling, along with soc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.176222
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of these analyses was to test the hypothesis that depressive symptomatology affects the risk of onset of physical disability in high-functioning elderly adults. METHODS:The data come from the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging, a community-based cohort of high-functioning adults aged 70 through...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.11.1796
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US Public Health Service began the medical examination of immigrants at US ports in 1891. By 1924, national origin had become a means to justify broad-based exclusion of immigrants after Congress passed legislation restricting immigration from southern and eastern European countries. This legislation was passed ba...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.12.2011
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vital statistics show that a rise in incidence of endometrial cancer began in the mid-1960s on the West Coast of the United States. This rise was continuous and reached a peak in 1975. Elsewhere, incidence rates for endometrial cancer rose during the 1970s. It now seems evident that much of the rise in all areas of th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.3.264
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing costs of institutional care for the aged have occasioned a variety of government cost containment measures. People with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) will be the principal group to suffer from cutbacks. SDAT patients are usually eligible for Intermediate Care Facilities (ICFs), rather than ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1381
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in injection drug users. METHODS:A 6-year prospective study of 790 injection drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment in the Bronx, NY, was conducted. RESULTS:Sixteen perce...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1112
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the importance of public health has often been recognized during or as a result of major tragedy. The attacks that occurred in the United States in 2001 are no exception. These events have raised awareness of our vulnerability and the need for emergency preparedness, the need for a flexible and sustainab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.8.1226
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a comparison of prescribing habits for patients hospitalized in medical wards of university hospitals in America and Scotland. American patients received almost twice as many drugs both during and prior to hospitalization than did comparable Scots. The differences between the countries were consist...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.7.644
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Family physicians in the State of Washington were surveyed about their knowledge and views about chiropractors; 79 per cent (476) responded. Sixty-six per cent indicated discomfort with what they believed chiropractors do while acknowledging their effectiveness for some patients; 25 per cent viewed chiropractors as an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.5.636
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational health problems have needlessly been produced at many worksites as a consequence of their not having been anticipated during design and construction. Pre-review may be an effective and efficient mechanism for preventive intervention in occupational health and safety. Legal and administrative precedents ar...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.2.157
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two generations of epidemiological studies of the true prevalence of mental disorders have been conducted since the turn of the century. The first and smaller in number took place prior to World War II and was characterized by the use of records and key informants to define "cases." The second, utilizing the greatly e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.11.1271
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed smoking survey data across communities in Chicago, Ill, to explore community-level variations in smoking behavior. METHODS:We conducted a health survey of 6 racially and ethnically diverse Chicago communities during 2002-2003. The survey included questions about current smoking, smoking history,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.051169
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined rates of prenatal HIV testing and investigated barriers to testing. METHODS:We surveyed 1362 representative parturient women from 7 hospitals in 4 locations of the United States. RESULTS:Overall, 89.9% of women reported being offered HIV testing and 69.6% reported being tested. Proportions of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.5.727
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We systematically reviewed the effects of alcohol taxes and prices on alcohol-related morbidity and mortality to assess their public health impact. METHODS:We searched 12 databases, along with articles' reference lists, for studies providing estimates of the relationship between alcohol taxes and prices and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.186007
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined racial/ethnic differences in social support and exposure to violence and transphobia, and explored correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work (THSW). METHODS:A total of 573 THSW who worked or resided in San Francisco or Oakland, California, were ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why are men more susceptible to heart disease than women? Traditional risk factors cannot explain the gender gap in coronary heart disease (CHD) or the rapid increase in CHD mortality among middle-aged men in many of the newly independent states of Eastern Europe. However, Eastern European men score higher on stress-r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.5.768
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated HCV incidence among individuals who repeatedly underwent anti-HCV testing. METHODS:We studied HCV-negative individuals who had at least 2 tests between April 1992 and September 2012 in British Columbia, Canada. We calculated incidence as the number of new infections per 100 person-years at risk...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302591
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00