Abstract:
:Vital statistics show that a rise in incidence of endometrial cancer began in the mid-1960s on the West Coast of the United States. This rise was continuous and reached a peak in 1975. Elsewhere, incidence rates for endometrial cancer rose during the 1970s. It now seems evident that much of the rise in all areas of the country was due to replacement estrogen treatment. We estimated from data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities-Professional Activity Study of Ann Arbor, Michigan, that over 15,000 cases of endometrial cancer were caused by replacement estrogens during the five-year period 1971--1975 alone. This represents one of the largest epidemics of serious iatrogenic disease that has ever occurred in this country. With the substantial fall in estrogen sales starting in January 1976, there has been an associated decline in the incidence rates of endometrial cancer nationwide.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Jick H,Walker AM,Rothman KJdoi
10.2105/ajph.70.3.264subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-03-01 00:00:00pages
264-7issue
3eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article describes a unifying conceptual framework for the public health system as a way to facilitate the measurement of public health system performance. METHODS:A conceptual framework for the public health system was developed on the basis of the work of Donabedian and a conceptual model previously d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1235
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed how ease of geographic access to emergency departments (EDs), defined as driving time to the closest ED, changed between 2001 and 2005, and whether access deterioration was more likely to occur in vulnerable communities. METHODS:We classified communities on the basis of American Hospital Associa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.175828
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to better understand the prevalence and consequences of food insecurity among American Indian families with young children. METHODS:Parents or caregivers of kindergarten-age children enrolled in the Bright Start study (dyad n=432) living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota completed a qu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300522
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Addiction is a complex brain disease with frequently overlapping expressions involving nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs. Yet current health care practices, public policies, and national treatment data too often exclude nicotine or address its use as completely separate from other forms of substance use and addiction...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301448
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term consequences of prior oral contraceptive use for bone mineral density were examined in 239 postmenopausal women, 35.1% of whom reported prior oral contraceptive use. Women who had used oral contraceptives for 6 or more years had significantly higher bone densities of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, bu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.100
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conceptually, the only element that all Latin American countries share is not language, race, or culture, but political: the presence of United States foreign policy as pronounced in the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. The political relation between the US and Latin America has colored US domestic policy toward its populatio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.1.61
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The globalization of public health is both real and relevant throughout the United States and to Americans traveling or residing abroad. US public policy responses are evolving, but a crisper and more comprehensive global perspective is needed. I suggest four timely US actions to address today's competing realities o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300644
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asymptomatic infection with either Entameba histolytica or Giardia lamblia was found in 61 per cent of the residents of a dormitory in an institution for the mentally retarded; two other dormitories had rates of 20 per cent and 22 per cent. Drug therapy was successfully undertaken in all three dormitories, and environ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.12.1279
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We studied whether 5 regulatory agency advisories concerning the possible increased risk of suicidal behavior during antidepressant therapy had an effect on antidepressant prescription trends in Ontario. METHODS:We conducted a population-based, time-series analysis of new monthly antidepressant prescription...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.087262
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine the accuracy of geocoding for public health databases. METHODS:A test file of 70 addresses, 50 of which involved errors, was generated, and the file was geocoded to the census tract and block group levels by 4 commercial geocoding firms. Also, the "real world" accuracy of the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.7.1114
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between burden of providing care to non-ill children and grandchildren and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among women. METHODS:A prospective cohort study was conducted as part of the Nurses' Health Study among 54,412 women aged 46 to 71 years who were registered nurse...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.11.1939
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article reports findings from a peer-delivered intervention designed to increase use of breast and cervical cancer screening. METHODS:Twenty-six worksites were randomly assigned to the intervention or comparison group. The 16-month intervention consisted of group discussions, outreach, and educational ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.4.584
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To elucidate why the inverse association between education level and mortality risk (the gradient) has increased markedly among White women since the mid-1980s, we identified causes of death for which the gradient increased. METHODS:We used data from the 1986 to 2006 National Health Interview Survey Linked ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301128
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effect of a community-based physical activity program in Pawtucket, RI, was evaluated relative to one in a comparison community. METHODS:Cross-sectional surveys of 7529 residents of Pawtucket, RI, and 7732 residents of the comparison city were conducted at 2-year intervals during 7 years of intervention...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.11.1741
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied sexual orientation disparities in health outcomes among US adolescents by pooling multiple Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data sets from 2005 and 2007 for 14 jurisdictions. Here we describe the methodology for pooling and analyzing these data sets. Sexual orientation-related items assessed sexual orienta...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301748
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to (1) describe AIDS-related knowledge, perceptions, and risky behaviors of impoverished African-American and high- and low-acculturated Latina women; (2) delineate relationships involving high-risk behaviors; and (3) determine whether risky behaviors differ by race and levels of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.65
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The French health system combines universal coverage with a public-private mix of hospital and ambulatory care and a higher volume of service provision than in the United States. Although the system is far from perfect, its indicators of health status and consumer satisfaction are high; its expenditures, as a share of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.1.31
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated HCV incidence among individuals who repeatedly underwent anti-HCV testing. METHODS:We studied HCV-negative individuals who had at least 2 tests between April 1992 and September 2012 in British Columbia, Canada. We calculated incidence as the number of new infections per 100 person-years at risk...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302591
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) (1982 through 1984) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976 through 1980) were used to examine reported physician-diagnosed asthma among 6-month-old through 11-year-old children. The highest prevalence of active ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.4.580
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historical work on cancer has suggested that a range of political, social, and medical concerns stimulated the emergence of cancer as a public health problem in the early 20th century.I argue that anxiety about cervical cancer mortality was instrumental in establishing cancer as a major focus of concern for the Britis...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046458
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Follow-up of California blood lead registry reports, 95% of which are of occupationally exposed adults, can guide interventions at specific high-risk work sites and measure the impact of targeted, industry-specific interventions. METHODS:A protocol was implemented to follow up the most severe case reports (...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.3.402
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the risk of exposure to fentanyl among syringe exchange program (SEP) participants in New York City. METHODS:We recruited a convenience sample from 11 SEPs in New York City between March and June 2017. Consenting participants (n = 434) received a labeled syringe for their next injection. We test...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304694
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Data from the Western Collaborative Group Study were used to determine the extent to which the inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality can be explained by risk factors for major causes of mortality. METHODS:The relation of education and income to subsequent mortality was studied...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.9.1231
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the first four years of operation of the Extended MPH Degree Program of the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine and the features that might explain its initial success. The format of the curriculum is radically different from the traditional two-year program of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.11.1258
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This population-based study examined the effect of all major congenital anomalies on the mortality of White and Black infants by infant sex, birthweight, gestational age, and lethality of the anomaly. The study also determined the total contribution of anomalies to infant mortality. METHODS:California Birth...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.6.887
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between December 2009 and January 2010, we conducted a nationally representative telephone survey of US adults (n = 1001; completion rate = 52.9%) to explore perceptions of risks associated with peak petroleum. We asked respondents to assess the likelihood that oil prices would triple over the next 5 years and then to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300230
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with other developed countries, the United States has an inefficient and expensive health care system with poor outcomes and many citizens who are denied access. Inefficiency is increased by the lack of an integrated system that could promote an optimal mix of personal medical care and population health measu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.156588
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Despite the importance of community health workers (CHWs) in strategies to reduce health disparities and the call to enhance their roles in research, little information exists on how to prepare CHWs involved in community-academic initiatives (CAIs). Therefore, the New York University Prevention Research Cent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300429
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current theoretical approaches to bioethics and public health ethics propose varied justifications as the basis for health care and public health, yet none captures a fundamental reality: people seek good health and the ability to pursue it. Existing models do not effectively address these twin goals. The approach I e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143651
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey on brand preference and cigarette advertising recall in 1,195 school children was conducted in Sydney, Australia. Four of the 130 available brands accounted for the cigarettes smoked by 78.7 per cent of smokers. Smokers were nearly twice as likely to correctly identify edited cigarette advertisements and slog...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.5.491
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00