Abstract:
:Hypertension in pregnancy has implications for both maternal and fetal welfare. Extrapolation from concepts of mechanisms operating in hypertension in general to pregnancy-related hypertension is not justified. In the latter, the major features are a hyper-adrenergic state, plasma volume reduction and an increased systemic resistance. A reduction in uteroplacental perfusion may result from or may activate the mechanisms that elevate blood pressure. Humoral factors (e.g. hormonal attenuation of vascular reactivity) and prostacyclin deficiency may be central to the disordered physiology. Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy should aim at avoiding the vascular damage due to blood pressure elevation but not cause a reduction in uteroplacental perfusion. Unlike earlier antihypertensive regimens using centrally acting sympatholytics, adrenergic neuron blockers or diuretics, regimens using beta-blockers or combinations of beta-blockers with alpha-blockers or vasodilating agents such as hydralazine permit effective blood pressure control, even in severe hypertension, and pregnancy can often proceed until term or until fetal maturity is secured. Adverse effects on the fetus (growth retardation, cardiorespiratory depression, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia) formerly attributed to beta-blockers are more likely related to poorly controlled hypertension. Specific benefits of maternal beta-adrenoceptor blockade are suggested by evidence for prevention of proteinuric deterioration and a decrease in the incidence and severity of respiratory distress in premature infants. Hypertension in pregnancy still presents a formidable therapeutic challenge and requires comprehensive management with close monitoring of fetal welfare. The presence or development of proteinuria in a hypertensive pregnant woman implies a major increase in risk to the fetus and warrants immediate admission to hospital for specialist management.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Lubbe WFdoi
10.2165/00003495-198428020-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-08-01 00:00:00pages
170-88issue
2eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::The introduction of medications that target specific proinflammatory cytokines has revolutionized the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The agents that antagonize the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -- infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab -- have consistently shown very good efficacy for...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868050-00003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several antihypertensive agents such as thiazide diuretics and some beta-blockers have recently been shown to adversely affect lipid metabolism. Moreover, there is a growing suspicion that the adverse effect on plasma lipids might outweigh the favourable effect of lowering blood pressure. The effect of ketanserin tart...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198800361-00006
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fixed-dose combination tablet of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A inhibitor elbasvir and the HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor grazoprevir (elbasvir/grazoprevir; Zepatier™) is under development by Merck. Oral elbasvir/grazoprevir 50/100 mg once daily has been approved in the USA for the treatment of adults with chronic ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0558-3
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogenic compounds are the most important group of drugs that can induce hypertension. Studies have shown an incidence of significant hypertension amounting to less than 1% after 1 year of taking oral contraceptives and about 2% after 5 years. The ratio of the incidence of hypertension among ''takers'' to that of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-197612030-00005
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brodalumab (Lumicef(®)) is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody that is being developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin in Japan, where it has been approved for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic arthritis, pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma. Brodalumab binds with high affinity to interleukin (IL)-...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0634-8
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive and complex disorder that is difficult to treat effectively in the long term. The majority of patients are overweight or obese at diagnosis and will be unable to achieve or sustain near normoglycaemia without oral antidiabetic agents; a sizeable proportion of patients will eve...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200565030-00005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For almost half a century, the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in cases of anovulation, unexplained infertility, or mild male factor has been clomifene (clomiphene citrate). Clomifene is an effective and safely used oral agent, but is known to have relatively common antiestrogenic endometrial and cervical...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666170-00001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acarbose delays digestion of complex carbohydrates and disaccharides to absorbable monosaccharides, by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidases within the intestinal brush border, thereby attenuating postprandial blood glucose peaks. Clinical trials have demonstrated that acarbose generally improves glycaemic control ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199346060-00007
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, patients with advanced thyroid cancers had limited options for systemic treatment. With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a promising new class of targeted therapies for thyroid cancer, suddenly patients with advanced disease were given new options to extend survival. Guidelines ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0733-1
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:SYNOPSIS:Acitretin (etretin), a second generation monoaromatic retinoid for use in the treatment of severe psoriasis and other dermatoses, is the major active metabolite of etretinate and possesses a similar therapeutic index; i.e. a similar ratio of clinical efficacy to adverse effects. When used alone at a maintenanc...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-199243040-00010
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy and tolerability of nimesulide were compared with those of paracetamol in a nonblind randomised study that recruited 110 children (64 males, 46 females; aged 3 to 6 years) with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and fever. Nimesulide suspension (1.5 mg/kg 3 times daily) or paracetamol syrup (10 m...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-199300461-00059
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite well known complications, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the most commonly prescribed medications in the US for musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis. Although there has been a recent focus on the cardiovascular and renal complications associated with these agents, NSAID g...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11633740-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is the standard of care for the initial management of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without a targetable molecular abnormality. However, the majority of patients with NSCLC will ultimately develop resistance to initial platinu...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0628-6
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and the mortality benefit of some cardiovascular drugs seems to be related in part to their heart rate-lowering effects. Since it is difficult to separate the benefit of heart rate lowering from other actions with currently available drugs, ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464160-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, several clinical problems associated with the diagnosis of hypertension are discussed. Blood pressure variability and reactivity are factors underlying the difficulties in the diagnosis of hypertension. These phenomena are interrelated and mixed. White coat hypertension (WCH), referring to the phenomeno...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199300462-00017
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic efficacy of the new beta-lactam antibiotic, temocillin, was studied in 30 critically ill patients with peritonitis, abscesses, bronchopneumonia, and serious soft tissue infections. Patients were treated with temocillin Ig intravenously twice daily. The isolated pathogens comprised mainly Escherichia co...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500295-00042
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene rearrangements involving the neurotrophic receptor kinase genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 (referred to as TRK, encoding TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, respectively) result in highly oncogenic fusions. TRK fusions are rare, with a prevalence of < 1% in solid tumors. Detection of TRK fusions can be based on fluorescence in-si...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01459-w
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Lung tissue remodelling in chronic inflammatory lung diseases has long been regarded as a follow-up event to inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that, although airway and lung tissue remodelling is often independent of inflammation, it precedes or causes inflammation. None of the available therapies has a sign...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0319-0
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multicentre clinical trial was carried out to determine the activity and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. 667 patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 different twice daily dosage regimens: 400 mg (245 patients), 600 mg (211) or 800 mg (211). The mean duration of tr...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700341-00017
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When peripheral decarboxylation is blocked by carbidopa or benserazide, the main metabolic pathway of levodopa is O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Entacapone and tolcapone are new potent, selective and reversible nitrocatechol-type COMT inhibitors. Animal studies have demonstrated that entacapone ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200059060-00004
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is the primary risk factor for stroke. Drug trials lowering blood pressure by pharmacological means have demonstrated impressive reduction in both fatal and nonfatal stroke (33 to 50%) that are virtually identical to the predicted stroke reductio...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-199000402-00011
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orlistat is a nonsystemically acting gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor that limits the absorption of dietary fat. A retrospective pooled analysis of three 2-year, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with obesity revealed that orlistat recipients were more likely to experience a...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200161140-00011
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is clinically defined as an acute peripheral neuropathy causing limb weakness that progresses over a time period of days or, at the most, up to 4 weeks. GBS occurs throughout the world with a median annual incidence of 1.3 cases per population of 100 000, with men being more frequently af...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464060-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisoprolol is a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with no partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) activity or membrane stabilising (local anaesthetic) activity. The oral bioavailability of bisoprolol is high (90%) and the drug has a long elimination half-life which allows once-daily administration; in addition, it is...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198836030-00002
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article Latanoprostene Bunod Ophthalmic Solution 0.024%: A Review in Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension, written by Sheridan Hoy, was originally published Online First without open access. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0925-3
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article Trifluridine/Tipiracil: A Review in Metastatic Gastric Cancer, written by Connie Kang, Sohita Dhillon and Emma D. Deeks, was originally published Online First without open access. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01199-6
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Japanese encephalitis vaccine IC-51 (IXIARO) is an inactivated virus (strain SA(14)-14-2) that is manufactured in cultured Vero cells and is currently being developed for preventive vaccination against the Japanese encephalitis virus. black triangle Administration of IXIARO as a two-dose treatment in healthy adult...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-200969010-00008
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In general, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portal-systemic blood shunting. This article relates to the so-called type C HE: that is, HE in patients with liver cirrhosis. It manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities, ran...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1018-z
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tipranavir (Aptivus) is a selective nonpeptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) that is used in the treatment of treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1 infection. Tipranavir is administered orally twice daily and must be given in combination with low-dose ritonavir, which is used to boost its bioavailability. The durab...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868100-00006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimal pharmacological therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most ardently debated issues in medicine. Presently, most guidelines recommend either a fluoroquinolone alone or dual therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin plus a macrolide in patients hospitalised with CAP, but few provide...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200565140-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00