Abstract:
:With luminance gratings, psychophysical thresholds for detecting a small increase in the contrast of a weak 'pedestal' grating are 2-3 times lower than for detection of a grating when the pedestal is absent. This is the 'dipper effect'--a reliable improvement whose interpretation remains controversial. Analogies between luminance and depth (disparity) processing have attracted interest in the existence of a 'disparity dipper'. Are thresholds for disparity modulation (corrugated surfaces), facilitated by the presence of a weak disparity-modulated pedestal? We used a 14-bit greyscale to render small disparities accurately, and measured 2AFC discrimination thresholds for disparity modulation (0.3 or 0.6 c/deg) of a random texture at various pedestal levels. In the first experiment, a clear dipper was found. Thresholds were about 2x lower with weak pedestals than without. But here the phase of modulation (0 or 180 deg) was varied from trial to trial. In a noisy signal-detection framework, this creates uncertainty that is reduced by the pedestal, which thus improves performance. When the uncertainty was eliminated by keeping phase constant within sessions, the dipper effect was weak or absent. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the influence of uncertainty could account well for the results of both experiments. A corollary is that the visual depth response to small disparities is probably linear, with no threshold-like nonlinearity.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Georgeson MA,Yates TA,Schofield AJdoi
10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
2321-8issue
21eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
S0042-6989(08)00361-1journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Contrast sensitivity for both vertically and obliquely oriented gratings increased with increases in stimulus area to an asymptotic value. Sensitivity grew more slowly for oblique gratings and reached an asymptotic value at a larger area than for vertical gratings. For equal areas, oblique gratings always yielded poor...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90060-3
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to find out what differences between foveal and peripheral pattern recognition remain unexplained by the inhomogeneities of retinal sampling and the optics of the eye. We measured contrast thresholds for pattern recognition at different eccentricities. The effects of retinal sampli...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00062-5
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to discriminate between grating contrasts over a 300-fold contrast range, whereas V1 neurons have very limited dynamic ranges. Using populations of model neurons with contrast-response parameters taken from electrophysiological studies (cat and macaque), we investigated ways of combining responses to co...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00277-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments investigated modulatory effects of a surround upon the perceived speed of a moving central region. Both the surround's depth and velocity (relative to the center) were manipulated. The abilities of younger observers (mean age was 23.1 years) were evaluated in Experiment 1, while Experiment 2 was devote...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.10.009
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaction times (RT) to motion onset of a target grating moving at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 or 1.6 °/s and magnitude estimation of the same velocities were studied in the presence of the surrounding background motion which was either in the same or opposite direction. Surprisingly, we found no relative motion effect: if the ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2011.03.018
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Velocity matching using the method of Constant Stimuli shows that perceived velocity varies with contrast [Thompson, P. (1982). Perceived rate of movement depends upon contrast. Vision Research, 22, 377-380]. Random contrast jitter would therefore be expected to increase the slopes of psychometric functions, and thus ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00103-0
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and gray gulls (Larus modestus) are two species active both by day and night. We have investigated the retinal adaptations that allow the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of these two species. Electroretinograms and histological analyses show that both species have a duplex retin...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.023
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of synaptic transfer from photoreceptors to second order neurons have been determined in the retina of the snapping turtle. Analysis of the fluctuations resulting from the random release of cone transmitter molecules reveals that the action on postsynaptic channels of the depolarizing bipolar cells is pro...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90083-4
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the mechanisms responsible for orientation discrimination of stimuli defined by luminance and red/green isoluminant contrast. A four-alternative forced-choice (4-AFC) paradigm was used to determine thresholds for discriminating 1 cpd sinewave gratings differing in orientation, contrast, or both. When measu...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00240-x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field spectral sensitivities of the pattern-elicited electroretinogram (PERG) were obtained from two subjects using a modified version of Stiles' two-color increment threshold procedure. A 540 nm checkerboard test pattern of 38 degrees dia was alternated at 8 Hz on a uniform adapting field of the same size. Test inten...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90064-p
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccade latencies are known to increase for targets presented close to fixation. Recently, it was shown that not only target eccentricity, but the size of a proximal saccade target also plays a crucial role: latencies increase rapidly with increasing target size. Interestingly, these latency increases are greater than...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2016.09.006
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatio-temporal boundary formation (SBF) refers to a perceptual process responsible for perception of moving, bounded surfaces from sequential changes in spatially separated local elements. Previous research has indicated that this process produces perception of global form, continuous boundaries and global motion fro...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00272-6
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilson and Humanski (1993) have recently reported evidence that adapting to low temporal frequency sinewave gratings yields little threshold elevation for briefly presented test stimuli. We postulated that brief stimuli may be detected by a transient channel which would be minimally affected by a low temporal frequenc...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)00283-r
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study demonstrates that an object embedded in an array of identical objects can pop-out. Dependent on the stimuli preceding the search display, local (chromatic) adaptation causes an identical object to pop-out because it appears to have a colour (Expt 1) or brightness (Expt 2) that is slightly different f...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90113-b
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a texture-segregation paradigm, subjects were asked to detect figures whose elements were segregated from background either because of temporal offset or because of differing orientations. Texture elements were either isoluminant or had high or low luminance contrast. At high luminance contrast, figures could be se...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00148-x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of motion perception through classical psychophysical methods has suggested that independent spatiotemporal filters acting over specific locations in retinal images carry out early motion processing. On the other hand, individual differences approaches have been able to identify a structure of spatiotemporal...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2020.07.002
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used DOG stimuli to selectively stimulate size tuned channels within the visual system in order to investigate the relationship between stereo and vernier acuity. We measured these acuities as a function of spatial frequency, retinal eccentricity and distance from the fixation point in depth. Both hyperacuitie...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(85)90100-2
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaching is an important and early emerging motor skill that allows infants to interact with the physical and social world. However, few studies have considered how reaching experiences shape infants' own motor development and their perception of actions performed by others. In the current study, two groups of infants...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.001
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured two- and three-line spatial interval and alignment thresholds for a wide range of separations and eccentricities. In order to avoid confounding the role of separation and eccentricity, the test lines were presented on iso-eccentric arcs, with radii between 0.625 and 10 deg. The iso-eccentric paradigm allow...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90068-v
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compare improvement through training in vernier acuity under different feedback conditions in order to clarify the role of feedback during learning of a perceptual task and to test different (neural network) models of perceptual learning. Improvement of performance is measured in 49 observers under feedback, no fee...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00043-6
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory, cognitive and motor processing can result in changes of the ongoing EEG in form of an event-related desynchronization (ERD) or event-related synchronization (ERS). Both phenomena are time-locked but not phase-locked to the event and they are highly frequency-band specific. The ERD is interpreted as a correlat...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00235-2
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tilt aftereffect (TAE) was measured with a forced-choice technique for gratings of different spatial frequencies, contrasts and adapting and test durations. At short test durations, a 2 c/deg grating gave a larger TAE than a 10 c/deg, while at long test durations the opposite occurred. Low contrast gratings tended...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(89)90179-x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensitivity of X- and Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat to small, temporally modulated displacements of grating stimuli was measured at 0.175, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 c/deg. For every cell, two threshold measures were determined: first, a contrast threshold with a counterphase grating ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90037-4
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A photic stimulus flashed just before a saccade in the dark tends to be mislocalized in the direction of the saccade. This mislocalization is not only perceptual; it is also expressed by errors of ocular targeting. A particular situation arises if the point of light is flashed twice at the same place, the second time,...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)00021-q
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal single-step stimuli were presented to 19 subjects with congenital nystagmus (CN). When the stimulus jump was in the same direction as the waveform beat, spatial and temporal measurements of the responses revealed that saccades occurring between 90 and 180 msec after the stimulus were directed to an average ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90029-5
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential spatial displacement discrimination thresholds were determined for a configuration of three identical Gaussian modulated patches of sinusoidal grating presented with equal orientation and at threshold luminance contrast. The patches were arranged one above the other at equal spatial intervals. The orienta...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The factors potentially determining the dynamics of horizontal cell (HC) responses are: (1) the rate of transmitter release (including its transient component) and removal; (2) the voltage non-linearity of HC non-synaptic membrane combined with its capacitance; and (3) the dynamics of feedback from HCs to photorecepto...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00130-7
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the ultimate stage of the Adelson-Bergen motion energy model [Adelson, E. H., & Bergen, J. (1985). Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 2, 284-299], motion is derived from the difference between directionally opponent energies E(L) and E(R). However, ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.10.018
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interocular transfer of the motion aftereffect (MAE) has been extensively investigated for the purpose of analysing the binocularity of the underlying motion mechanism. Previous studies unanimously reported that the transfer of the classical static MAE is partial, but there is a controversy as to whether the transfer ...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00176-5
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the progressive degeneration of retinal blood vessels and neurons. Inflammation is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. During diabetes, metabolic disorder leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) both in the retina and elsewhere in the bod...
journal_title:Vision research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.visres.2017.04.013
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00