Abstract：
:Two experiments investigated modulatory effects of a surround upon the perceived speed of a moving central region. Both the surround's depth and velocity (relative to the center) were manipulated. The abilities of younger observers (mean age was 23.1 years) were evaluated in Experiment 1, while Experiment 2 was devoted to older participants (mean age was 71.3 years). The results of Experiment 1 revealed that changes in the perceived depth of a surround (in this case caused by changes in binocular disparity) significantly influence the perceived speed of a central target. In particular, the center's motion was perceived as fastest when the surround possessed uncrossed binocular disparity relative to the central target. This effect, that targets that are closer than their background are perceived to be faster, only occurred when the center and surround moved in the same directions (and did not occur when center and surround moved in opposite directions). The results of Experiment 2 showed that the perceived speeds of older adults are different: older observers generally perceive nearer targets as faster both when center and surround move in the same direction and when they move in opposite directions. In addition, the older observers' judgments of speed were less precise. These age-related changes in the perception of speed are broadly consistent with the results of recent neurophysiological investigations that find age-related changes in the functionality of cortical area MT.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Norman JF,Burton CL,Best LAdoi
10.1016/j.visres.2009.10.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
65-71issue
1eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
S0042-6989(09)00473-8journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:A retinal-binding protein (RALBP) was isolated from the squid retina, and purified by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The molecular weight was determined to be 51,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration. The purified sample showed absorption maxima at ab...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(87)90020-4
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How does nearby motion affect the perceived speed of a target region? When a central drifting Gabor patch is surrounded by translating noise, its speed can be misperceived over a fourfold range. Typically, when a surround moves in the same direction, perceived centre speed is reduced; for opposite-direction surrounds ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.11.011
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior research has suggested that two types of fast eye movements (FEMs) can be distinguished behaviorally. Foveating saccades respond to salient peripheral targets by directing the target image to the fovea. Non-foveating saccades include other FEMs such as nystagmus quick phase, saccades without visual stimuli and v...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90173-3
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that a LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate) race model can be used to explain saccadic target selection and latencies. The goal of the present study was to determine whether a comparable model could be applied to the underlying decision-making processes involved in target ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2004.09.034
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thresholds for detecting brief, white, foveal test flashes drop abruptly within 0.2 sec of the offset of a white adapting field. The magnitude of the abrupt drop is proportional to the square root of field intensity (square root of I) correct for bleaching and dark light. Thresholds are then stable out to 1.6 sec for ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00201-0
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in 5 pigmented, Long Evans rats (under urethan sedation) in three conditions: direct stimulation, consensual stimulation, and a control condition designed to measure the effects of stray light. The average constriction (maximal amplitude) produced by a ganzfeld stimulus del...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(89)90078-3
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central vision is substantially over represented in the lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and striate cortex. The over representation could be accompanied by a selective expansion of central vision in parvocellular dLGN, in which case the ratio of parvocellular to magnocellular inputs to striate cortex should change w...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00319-8
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatase enzymes cleave an inorganic phosphate from a substrate. Phosphatase enzyme histochemistry followed by flat-embedding in glycol methacrylate is extremely useful in studying retinal and choroidal vascular development and loss, since only viable blood vessels have these enzyme activities. Sites of occlusion a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.08.022
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study demonstrates that an object embedded in an array of identical objects can pop-out. Dependent on the stimuli preceding the search display, local (chromatic) adaptation causes an identical object to pop-out because it appears to have a colour (Expt 1) or brightness (Expt 2) that is slightly different f...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(93)90113-b
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have found evidence for ultraviolet visual capabilities in a Lake Malawi cichlid fish, Metriaclima zebra. Microspectrophotometry of single cones revealed a visual pigment with peak sensitivity at 368+/-4 nm. M. zebra also expresses a putative ultraviolet opsin gene whose sequence is closely related to the SWS-1 ops...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00238-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work (Shimojo, Silverman & Nakayama, 1989; Vision Research, 29, 619-626) suggests that the visual system must discriminate between extrinsic boundaries (boundaries created by front occluding surfaces) and intrinsic boundaries (real object boundaries) in order to recognize objects and that this would importantly...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90191-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The orientation of the median plane of the eye with respect to the head varies with gaze direction according to Listing's Law. The subjective vertical (SV), however, is known to be only partially affected by these involuntary variations of eye orientation. In order to learn more about the compensatory process underlyi...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90041-i
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigate the influence of biased feedback on decision and learning processes in a vernier discrimination task. Subjects adjust their decision criteria and hence their responses according to biased external feedback. However, they do not use learning processes to encode incorrectly classified stimuli. As soon as ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00138-8
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have found large misperceptions when subjects are reporting the perceived angle between two directions of motion moving transparently at an acute angle, the so called motion repulsion. While these errors have been assumed to be caused by interactions between the two directions present, we reassessed t...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00025-5
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By inducing feature-contingent depth aftereffects, we show that the human visual system combines feature information with depth information. These contingent aftereffects were revealed through the use of a novel selective adaptation paradigm whose stimuli required the combination of feature and depth information in or...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00294-2
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The squirrel monkey lacks anatomically demonstrable ocular dominance columns, and physiologically it has an ocular dominance distribution in V1 that is very different from that of macaques, with far fewer cells that strongly favor one eye over the other. We tested an alert squirrel monkey for physiological responses t...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)00133-7
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quite independently of what they represent, some images provoke discomfort, and even headaches and seizures in susceptible individuals. The visual system has adapted to efficiently process the images it typically experiences, and in nature these images are usually scale-invariant. In this work, we sought to characteri...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2014.12.013
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of visual sensitivity to UV dates from 1882 and was made in an insect, the ant, but in the last 15 years evidence for photoreceptors maximally sensitive in the UV has been found for many vertebrates. Studies of behavioral responses of insects that possess more than one spectral class of photoreceptor hav...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)90150-3
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motion perception influences perceived position. It has been shown that first-order (luminance defined) motion shifts perceived position across a wide range of spatial and temporal frequencies. On the other hand, second-order (contrast defined) motion shifts perceived position over a narrow range of temporal frequenci...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Velocity matching using the method of Constant Stimuli shows that perceived velocity varies with contrast [Thompson, P. (1982). Perceived rate of movement depends upon contrast. Vision Research, 22, 377-380]. Random contrast jitter would therefore be expected to increase the slopes of psychometric functions, and thus ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00103-0
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human observers show remarkable efficiency in statistical estimation; they are able, for instance, to estimate the mean size of visual objects, even if their number exceeds the capacity limits of focused attention. This ability has been understood as the result of a distinct mode of attention, i.e. distributed attenti...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2012.09.018
更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:By presenting oriented Gabor patches either monocularly or binocularly, we dissociated retinal orientation from perceived tilt and perceived slant. After adapting to binocular patches, with zero apparent tilt and non-zero slant, small tilt after-effects (TAEs) and large slant after-effects (SAE) were measured. Adaptin...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00269-9
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether the directional effect on the kappa effect can be attributed to the directional anisotropy of retinotopical space or to the representation of forces provided by environmental contexts (e.g., gravity) in an observed event. We examined whether different contexts with similar directional changes (...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2011.05.016
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The perceived blur of drifting sinusoidal gratings was compared to that of static, blurred "square wave" gratings before and after adaptation to a missing fundamental (MF) pattern. The results indicate that the perceived blur of a drifting sine grating is inversely related to its drift speed. However, after adaptation...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(96)00009-0
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Models based on spatial-frequency channels and local features provide alternative explanations for suprathreshold pattern discrimination. We compared psychophysical discrimination data with the predictions of the Wilson and Gelb channel model and three local-feature models. The features were peak-valley local contrast...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(95)00030-4
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current theories of second-order motion perception postulate that such motion is detected by either a high-level mechanism which computes the temporal correspondences between "features" extracted from the image, or low-level motion mechanisms which operate on a nonlinear, neural transformation of the luminance profile...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)90229-1
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A theory of retinal colour coding based closely on recent anatomical and physiological results is presented. Opponent colour channels are shown to be an inevitable result of any randomly distributed retinal cone mosaic, the structure of red-green opponent colour channels remaining uninfluenced by a predominance of "re...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90128-1
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a series of multiple-regression analyses conducted on the French part of the Dundee corpus, the time spent inspecting a target word in a given sentence was found to depend on its degree of semantic relatedness (as assessed in the LSA framework) to two content words belonging to a prior part of the sentence, and loc...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2008.12.016
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perception of short-range motion was studied as a function of adapting luminance and of stimulus contrast in computer simulations and in psychophysical experiments. The stimuli were random dots plotted on an oscilloscope in two sequential frames, separated by an inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Both in the simulations a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90083-w
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial properties of horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina were studied with intracellular electrodes. It was found that when the rod input to horizontal cells is dominant the receptive fields are smaller than those measured under conditions of strong cone activation. A possible explanation for this fin...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90024-x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
