Abstract:
:Folates typically have gamma-linked polyglutamyl tails that make them better enzyme substrates and worse transport substrates than the unglutamylated forms. The tail can be shortened or removed by the vacuolar enzyme gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). It is known that GGH is active only as a dimer and that plants can have several GGH genes whose homodimeric products differ functionally. However, it is not known whether GGH dimers dissociate under in vivo conditions, whether heterodimers form, or how heterodimerization impacts enzyme activity. These issues were explored using the GGH system of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Tomato has three GGH genes that, like those in other eudicots, apparently diverged recently. LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 are expressed in fruit and all other organs, whereas LeGGH3 is expressed mainly in flower buds. LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 homodimers differ in bond cleavage preference; the LeGGH3 homodimer is catalytically inactive. Homodimers did not dissociate in physiological conditions. When coexpressed in Escherichia coli, LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 formed heterodimers with an intermediate bond cleavage preference, whereas LeGGH3 formed heterodimers with LeGGH1 or LeGGH2 that had one-half the activity of the matching homodimer. E. coli cells expressing LeGGH2 showed approximately 85% reduction in folate polyglutamates, but cells expressing LeGGH3 did not, confirming that LeGGH2 can function in vivo and LeGGH3 cannot. The formation of LeGGH1-LeGGH2 heterodimers was demonstrated in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Plant GGH heterodimers thus appear to form wherever different GGH genes are expressed simultaneously and to have catalytic characteristics midway between those of the corresponding homodimers.
journal_name
Plant Physioljournal_title
Plant physiologyauthors
Akhtar TA,McQuinn RP,Naponelli V,Gregory JF 3rd,Giovannoni JJ,Hanson ADdoi
10.1104/pp.108.124479subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
775-85issue
2eissn
0032-0889issn
1532-2548pii
pp.108.124479journal_volume
148pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill, cv. Dare) suspension cultures grown in Gamborg B5 medium became discolored and the cells began aggregating after 1 week in culture, especially in the absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The addition of either soluble polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) or bovine serum albumin (...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.63.1.206
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a novel screening procedure, we have selected a new class of mutant from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 that fails to adapt to growth at an extremely low inorganic carbon (Ci) concentration. The mutant (Tm17) reported in this study grows normally at or above air levels of CO2 (340 [mu]L L-1) but does n...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.104.2.605
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sucrose gradient profiles of polyribosomes from the coleoptilar node region of seedlings of Zea mays L. were obtained without pelleting and redispersion of the particles. Water stress caused a shift of ribosomes from the polymeric to the monomeric form, starting about 30 minutes after stress initiation and when the wa...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.46.2.281
更新日期:1970-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) clade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) have established abscisic acid (ABA) signaling roles; however, phenotypic roles of the remaining three "HAI" PP2Cs, Highly ABA-Induced1 (HAI1), AKT1-Interacting PP2C1/HAI2, and HAI3, have remained unclear. HAI PP2C mutants had enhanced prol...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.112.202408
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two parental lines of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plus their reciprocal F(1), F(2), and backcross populations were field-tested for environmental and genetic components of leaf diffusive resistance. Leaf resistance was measured with a diffusion porometer three times each day during 6 days in August. A large,...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.59.3.354
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is a highly conserved RNA-stimulated ATPase and helicase involved in the initiation of messenger RNA translation. Previously, we found that eIF4A interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA), the plant ortholog of mammalian CDK1. Here, we show that this interaction occurs onl...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.16.00435
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase activities in the mature leaves of roses (Rosa hybrida cv Golden Times) were greater in plants grown under a higher night temperature than under a lower temperature regime. In young shoots, the activity of acid invertase was promoted by the lower temperature while that of ...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.84.2.447
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fluorescent compound trisodium, 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrenetrisulfonate (PTS) was used to quantify the apoplastic flux through red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) root systems-that portion of the total water flux reaching the xylem without ever crossing a semipermeable membrane. Flow was induced by pressure through detoppe...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.77.1.21
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a study of the effects of Ca ions on the nodulation of subterranean clover in flowing culture solutions it is concluded that root infection or nodule initiation has a higher Ca requirement than either nodule development or host plant growth in the presence of fixed nitrogen.Increasing Ca concentration from 246 to...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.43.9.1362
更新日期:1968-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of roots in the enhancement of cytokinin content and leaf growth of Phaseolus vulgaris plants after decapitation and partial defoliation was investigated. Partial excision of the roots of plants which were decapitated above the primary leaf node resulted in a reduction of leaf growth and soluble proteins accu...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.73.1.76
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temperature response of net CO(2) assimilation rate (A), the rate of whole-chain electron transport, the activity and activation state of Rubisco, and the pool sizes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) were assessed in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) grown under greenhouse condition...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.105.066233
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stomatal movements depend on an osmoregulation process in which swelling or shrinking of the guard cells opens or closes the stomatal pore. Ions and water fluxes are an essential aspect of guard cell osmoregulation. Thus far, studies of these fluxes have focused on the guard cell plasma membrane. Guard cells, however,...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.105.3.999
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While membrane transporters mediating ammonium uptake across the plasma membrane have been well described at the molecular level, little is known about compartmentation and cellular export of ammonium. (The term ammonium is used to denote both NH3 and NH4+ and chemical symbols are used when specificity is required.) W...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.104.051268
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terpenes are specialized plant metabolites that act as attractants to pollinators and as defensive compounds against pathogens and herbivores, but they also play an important role in determining the quality of horticultural food products. We show that the genome of cultivated apple (Malus domestica) contains 55 putati...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.112.208249
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) have been proposed to be involved in signal transduction pathways in response to a number of stimuli, including gravity and touch. The current hypothesis proposes that the development of gravitropic bending is correlated with a redistribution of [Ca2+]i in gravistimu...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.114.3.789
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene receptors are multispanning membrane proteins that negatively regulate ethylene responses via the formation of a signaling complex with downstream elements. To better understand their biochemical functions, we investigated the membrane topology and subcellular localization of CmERS1, a melon (Cucumis melo) et...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.106.080523
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.12 and 1.2.1.13) have been purified from the seed, root, etiolated, and green shoot of peas (Pisum sativum). These enzymes are tetramers of 140,000 daltons, with subunits of 35,000 daltons. The enzymes differ in isoelectric point. The seed enzyme has a pI of 5.1, and...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.54.3.312
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are the primary signals that regulate seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we investigated the role of a double APETALA2 repeat transcription factor, CHOTTO1 (CHO1), in seed dormancy, germination, and phytohormone metabolism of Arabidopsis (Arabidop...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.109.142018
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth response of coleoptile segments excised from 3-day-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum vulgare cv. Baart) to gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to red light, and to several microtubule disorganizers depends on the initial position of the excised segment in the intact coleoptil...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.55.6.1062
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Movement of [(14)C]kinetin and [(14)C]gibberellic acid was examined in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotyledonary petiole sections independent of label uptake or exit from the tissue. Sections 20 millimeters in length were taken from well watered, stressed, and poststressed plants. Transport capacity was determined u...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.63.1.152
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of the chlorophyll and heme precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from glutamate in soluble extracts of Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena gracilis, and Cyanidium caldarium was stimulated by addition of low molecular weight RNA derived from greening algae or plant tissue. Enzyme extracts were prepared for the A...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.82.4.1096
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous respiration of spores of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria can be stimulated up to over-10 fold by diverse chemicals or by physical treatments. Greatest effects were caused by azide (12-fold at 250 mum) and by 2,4-dinitrophenol (7-fold at 300 mum). Marked stimulation was also caused by 10 mum silver (5-fold...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.50.4.425
更新日期:1972-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of gibberellins in flower bud development was investigated by studying the gib-1 mutant of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. This gibberellin-deficient mutant initiates flower buds, but floral development is not completed unless the mutant is treated with gibberellin. Treatment with other plant growth regulato...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.97.1.409
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite ongoing research on carotenoid biosynthesis in model organisms, there is a paucity of information on pathway regulation operating in the grasses (Poaceae), which include plants of world-wide agronomic importance. As a result, efforts to either breed for or metabolically engineer improvements in carotenoid cont...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.104.039818
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) allows photosynthesis to proceed in CO2-limited aquatic environments, and its activity is modulated in response to inorganic carbon (Ci) availability. Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis was used to examine the transcriptional regulation of more than 30 CCM...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.103.029728
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pigment content of dark-grown primary needles of Pinus jeffreyi L. and Pinus sylvestris L. was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The state of protochlorophyllide a and of chlorophylls during dark growth were analyzed by in situ 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy. Both measurements unambiguously dem...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.118.4.1159
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a pest that threatens rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. While feeding on rice plants, planthoppers secrete saliva, which plays crucial roles in nutrient ingestion and modulating plant defense responses, although the specific functions of salivary proteins remain la...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.17.00755
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Verapamil and nifedipine, known as calcium channel blockers, inhibited the phytochrome-mediated movements induced on Cassia fasciculata leaflets by a light-off signal, whereas they had no effect on the ;blue' pigment-mediated movements induced by a light-on signal. LaCl(3) inhibited both types of reactions, but the in...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.90.2.697
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of strong irradiance (2000 micromole photons per square meter per second) on PSII heterogeneity in intact cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated. Low light (LL, 15 micromole photons per square meter per second) grown C. reinhardtii are photoinhibited upon exposure to strong irradiance, and the ...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.92.4.1196
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21-nucleotide-long RNAs processed from nuclear-encoded transcripts, which include a characteristic hairpin-like structure. MiRNAs control the expression of target transcripts by binding to reverse complementary sequences directing cleavage or translational inhibition of the target ...
journal_title:Plant physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1104/pp.108.128025
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00