Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Subclinical inflammation is a novel risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. An inverse association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance has been previously shown. Elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) predict future cardiovascular events. Smoking has been proven to connect with inflammatory markers. There is also evidence of a difference between genders in pro-inflammation. This study aimed to examine the connections among adiponectin, hs-CRP, and smoking and to determine possible gender differences in these associations. METHODS:Included were 365 men and 476 women; all were nondiabetic and middle-aged. Daily smoking subjects were considered to be smokers. Adiponectin and hs-CRP were analyzed. Data were collected in 1997-1998, and cytokines were analyzed in 2003. RESULTS:Thirty-five percent of the men and 22% of the women were smokers. In women, the adiponectin level was significantly lower in smokers (6.94+/-3.27 microg/ml) compared to nonsmokers (8.27+/-4.72 microg/ml, p=0.0017). This association remained significant after adjustment for age and BMI (p=0.0061). The hs-CRP level was significantly higher in smoking men (1.59+/-1.71 pg/ml) compared to nonsmoking men (1.17+/-1.41 pg/ml, p=0.018). This result remained after adjustment for age and BMI (p=0.0056). When smokers were compared to nonsmokers, there was no difference in adiponectin among men or in hs-CRP among women. CONCLUSIONS:In the nondiabetic population, smoking associates differently with subclinical inflammation between genders, with a decreased adiponectin level in women and with an increased hs-CRP level in men.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Ahonen TM,Kautiainen HJ,Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi SM,Kumpusalo EA,Vanhala MJdoi
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
598-601issue
6eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607pii
S0749-3797(08)00771-Xjournal_volume
35pub_type
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