Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We investigated ethnic disparities in obtaining medical care among the 4 major ethnic groups (Blacks, Whites, Coloreds [i.e., those of mixed race], and Asians) in post-apartheid South Africa. METHODS:Data for the study came from the 2002 Afrobarometer: Round II Survey of South Africa. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine differences across racial and ethnic groups in how often respondents went without medical care. RESULTS:A total of 40.8% of Blacks and 22.9% of Coloreds reported going without medical care at some point in the past year, compared with 10.9% of Whites and 6.9% of Asians. Disparities were found not only in health but in education, income, and basic public health infrastructures. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions regarding democracy, markets, and civil society were similar for Blacks and Coloreds and for Whites and Asians. CONCLUSIONS:Fourteen years after the end of apartheid, Blacks and Coloreds in South Africa are still underserved and disadvantaged compared with their White and Asian counterparts, especially regarding health care.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Kon ZR,Lackan Ndoi
10.2105/AJPH.2007.127829subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
2272-7issue
12eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2007.127829journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess changes in health insurance and food assistance enrollment following passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. METHODS:Extant data sources were used to calculate changes in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), M...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.9.1441
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to quantify the effect of good smoking hygiene on infant risk of respiratory tract infection in the first 12 months of life. METHODS:A cohort of 4486 infants in Tasmania, Australia, was followed from birth to 12 months of age for hospitalization with respiratory infection. Case ascertainment was 9...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.3.482
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative risk assessment provides formalized scientific input to regulatory agencies that set occupational and environmental standards for potentially toxic exposures. Current practice relies heavily on statistical extrapolation from high-dose animal studies. Human data obviate the need for interspecies extrapolat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.4.484
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the history of childhood lead poisoning started a century ago in the United States, the first French cases were identified in 1985. Instead of merely adopting knowledge accumulated for decades, the public health professionals and activists involved had to reestablish, against incredulity from medical authorit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.11.1854
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the professional relationships between midwives and physicians providing obstetrical care in Washington State. Four hundred ninety-six randomly sampled family physicians and obstetrician-gynecologists and 211 certified nurse, licensed, and lay midwives were surveyed to learn more about midwife/phys...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.2.262
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intersectionality, an analytical approach rooted in Black feminist theory and praxis, has become more widely used in population health research. The majority of quantitative population health studies have used intersectionality as a theoretical framework to investigate how multiple social identities rather than social...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305610
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine sexual violence victimization in childhood and sexual risk indicators in young adulthood in a primarily Latina and Black cohort of "mostly heterosexual" and heterosexual women in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). METHODS:In 2000, a comprehensive survey t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099473
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To describe partnerships between US local health departments (LHDs) and community organizations and assess the relationship between the types of activities performed in these partnerships and LHD engagement in population-based activities to prevent mental health conditions.Methods. Data were derived from 4...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305646
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether New York City's gun-related homicide rates in the 1990s were associated with a range of social determinants of homicide rates. METHODS:We used cross-sectional time-series data for 74 New York City police precincts from 1990 through 1999, and we estimated Bayesian hierarchical models with...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.158238
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe has undertaken a large study to evaluate housing and health in 7 European cities. METHODS:Survey tools were used to obtain information about housing and living conditions, health perception, and health status from a representative sample of the popu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1559
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the psychological effects of paid employment and nonemployment, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in 541 middle-aged women. METHODS:Women were seen for an extensive baseline evaluation and were reevaluated in an identical manner 3 years later. They were divided into four "synthet...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.2.202
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven cases of subacute central and peripheral neurologic dysfunction developed in 18 workers employed in the manufacture of reinforced plastic bathtubs. Cases were characterized by weight loss, dizziness, paresthesias, muscle weakness, incontinence, memory loss, and loss of peripheral, color, and night vision. Neurop...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.5.513
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the outpatient medical records of 265 homeless children less than 5 years of age in New York City and compared them with children of similar low socioeconomic status (SES) attending the same pediatric clinic. The frequency of health problems among the homeless children, including delayed immunizations, ele...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1232
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the correlates of clinical gallbladder disease among US adults and whether serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with a decreased prevalence of gallbladder disease. METHODS:Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were conducte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1208
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationship between atrial fibrillation and (1) stroke and (2) all-cause mortality. METHODS:All eligible Medicare patients older than 65 years of age hospitalized in 1985 were followed up for 4 years. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used for assessment of risk ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.3.395
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of peer ethnography to gain insider views on substance use and sex among a diverse range of high-risk substance-using Black and Latino young men who have sex with men. METHODS:We recruited 9 peer ethnographers aged 21 to 24 years from youth programs for the lesbian, gay, bisexu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300988
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our study tested the effectiveness of network methods for identifying opinion leaders and for constructing groups. METHODS:Three conditions-random, teacher, and network--ere randomly assigned to 84 6th-grade classrooms within 16 schools. Pre- and postcurriculum data on mediators of tobacco use were collecte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.11.1837
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined initiation patterns among different birth cohorts of people who used prescription opioids and heroin because of historical differences in drug use availability. We examined data from a community-based study of persons who inject drugs (n = 483) in California and a general population survey from the Nationa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302972
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Washington County, Maryland, ownership of cats and/or dogs was compared among 48 residents who committed suicide in the years 1975-83 and 96 living controls matched to the suicides by race, sex, and date of birth. Another comparison used as controls persons of same race, sex, and age who died of causes other than s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.10.1223
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to describe patterns of initiation, persistence, and cessation in drug use in individuals from their late 20s to their mid-30s, within a broad perspective that spans 19 years from adolescence to adulthood. METHODS:A fourth wave of personal interviews was conducted at ages 34-35 with a coho...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.1.41
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) 2010 parental insurance coverage extension to young adults aged 19 to 25 years on health insurance coverage and access to care, including racial/ethnic disparities. METHODS:We pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304276
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2004, the US Preventive Services Task Force called for an end to scoliosis screening in US public schools. However, screening endures, although most nations have ended their screening programs. Why? Explanations range from America's unique fee-for-service health care system and its encouragement of high-cost medica...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300531
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of a brief educational and purchase program concerning home fires and smoke detectors by two pediatricians were compared to "routine" counseling without such a program using two groups each of 120 patients of well children. Inspection performed four to six weeks after the office visits showed that of 55 experi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.4.392
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effectiveness of physician prescribed exercise, health education, and patient self-monitoring, 124 firefighters were medically screened and randomly allocated to a control and two treatment groups. Physiologic and reporting methods were employed to assess adherence to regular exercise at three months and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.6.591
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomly selected sample of physicians in three large cities was asked to read one of four vignettes describing a patient. They then completed a set of objective attitude measures eliciting their reactions to the patient described in the vignette. The vignettes were identical except that the patient's illness was id...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.789
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized controlled trials were conducted at two residential drug abuse treatment facilities to compare programs that differed in planned duration. One trial compared a 6-month and a 12-month therapeutic community program (n = 184), and the second compared a 3-month and a 6-month relapse prevention program (n = 444)...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.10.1426
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence. METHODS:We estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries from studies published between 2007 and 2017. We obtained other variables from the World Health Organiz...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::State-level income inequality has been found to have an effect on individual health outcomes, even when controlled for important individual-level variables such as income, education, age, and gender. The effect of income inequality on health may not be immediate and may, in fact, have a substantial lag time between ex...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134940
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the number and cost of syphilis-attributable HIV cases among African Americans. METHODS:A mathematical model of HIV transmission was used to estimate the number of partnerships consisting of HIV-discordant African Americans in which infectious syphilis was present and the number of new HIV case...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.6.943
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To compare how human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was portrayed on Pinterest before and after the platform acted to moderate vaccine-related search results to understand (1) what the information environment looked like previously and (2) whether Pinterest's policy decisions improved this environment in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305827
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00