[Inequalities in access to cancer screening programmes in Spain and how to reduce them: data from 2013 and 2020.]

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:The European Commission recommends ensuring equity in cancer screening. The aim of this study was to find out if there were inequalities in access to cancer screening programmes in Spain. METHODS:A transversal study was carried out by means of a survey addressed to the people responsible for breast, colorectal (CRC) and cervical cancer screening programmes in the 19 Autonomous Communities (AC) of Spain in 2013 and 2020. Information was collected on organizational characteristics, inequalities in access and interventions to reduce them. A descriptive analysis was made by AC and time period, by calculating frequencies and percentages, depending on the type of programme (breast, CRC and cervix). RESULTS:In 2013, 14 ACs participated for the breast programme, 8 for the CRC and 7 for the cervical programme; and in 2020, 14, 13 and 11 ACs respectively. All breast programmes were population-based in both periods (14/14 in 2013 and 14/14 in 2020), as well as CRC ones (8/8 in 2013 and 13/13 in 2020), with an increase in cervical cancer programmes (0/7 en 2013 y 6/11 en 2020). In both periods, social groups not included in the target population and groups that were less involved were identified, with differences according to the type of programme. A total of 53 interventions were carried out to reduce inequalities in access (27 in breast, 22 in RCC and 4 in cervical), 66% of them aimed at specific social groups (35/53). CONCLUSIONS:Inequalities in access to cancer screening programmes in Spain are identified, as well as interventions to reduce them. OBJETIVO:La Comisión Europea recomienda asegurar la equidad en el cribado del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si existían desigualdades en el acceso a los programas de cribado del cáncer en España. METODOS:Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante encuesta dirigida a las personas responsables de los programas de cribado del cáncer de mama, colorrectal (CCR) y cérvix de las diecinueve Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) del Estado Español en 2013 y 2020. Se recogió información sobre características organizativas, desigualdades de acceso e intervenciones para reducirlas. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo por CCAA y periodo temporal, mediante el cálculo de frecuencias y porcentajes, en función del tipo de programa (mama, CCR y cérvix). RESULTADOS:En 2013 participaron catorce CCAA para el programa de mama, ocho para el de CCR y siete para el de cérvix, y en 2020, catorce, trece y once CCAA, respectivamente. Todos los programas de mama eran poblacionales en ambos periodos (14/14 en 2013 y 14/14 en 2020), así como los de CCR (8/8 en 2013 y 13/13 en 2020), con un aumento en el caso de los programas de cribado del cáncer de cérvix (0/7 en 2013 y 6/11 en 2020). Se identificaron en ambos periodos grupos sociales no incluidos en la población diana y grupos que, estando incluidos, participaban menos, con diferencias según el tipo de programa. Se realizaron un total de cincuenta y tres intervenciones para reducir desigualdades en el acceso (veintisiete en mama, veintidós en CCR y cuatro en cérvix), el 66% de ellas dirigidas a grupos sociales específicos (35/53). CONCLUSIONES:Se identifican desigualdades de acceso a los programas de cribado del cáncer en España, así como intervenciones para reducirlas.

journal_name

Rev Esp Salud Publica

authors

Molina-Barceló A,Moreno Salas J,Peiró-Pérez R,Arroyo G,Ibáñez Cabanell J,Vanaclocha Espí M,Binefa G,García M,Salas Trejo D

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-26 00:00:00

eissn

1135-5727

issn

2173-9110

journal_volume

95

pub_type

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