Abstract：
:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome which is comorbid with childhood conduct disorder, alcoholism, substance abuse, dis-social personality disorder, and affective disorders. A small but consistent overlap with autistic symptoms has also been established. Twin and family studies of ADHD show a substantial genetic heritability with little or no family environmental effect. Linkage and association studies have conclusively implicated the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). DAT1 has also been confirmed as being associated with bipolar disorder. Remarkably, and for the first time in psychiatry, genetic markers at the DAT1 locus appear to be able to predict clinical heterogeneity because the non-conduct disordered subgroup of ADHD is associated with DAT1 whereas other subgroups do not appear to be associated. The second most well replicated susceptibility gene encodes the DRD4 dopamine receptor and many other dopamine related genes appear to be implicated. It is becoming increasingly clear that genes causing bipolar mania overlap with genes for a subtype of ADHD. The key to understanding the genetics of ADHD is to accept very considerable heterogeneity with different genes having effects in different families and in different individuals. It is too early to interpret the new wave of genome-wide association and copy number variant studies but preliminary data support the overlap with affective disorder genes and also with CNS connectivity genes likely to be involved in autism and affective disorders.
journal_name
Neuropharmacologyjournal_title
Neuropharmacologyauthors
Sharp SI,McQuillin A,Gurling HMdoi
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.08.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
590-600issue
7-8eissn
0028-3908issn
1873-7064pii
S0028-3908(09)00281-0journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) acts in brain by binding to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors (GBR) and to mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors (MBR). Because DBI acting at MBR, has been shown to be an effector of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis and stress is known to change the level of GBR and MBR, the model of acute n...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(11)80015-8
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under conditions in which NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOArg) treatment prevents morphine tolerance, NOArg induces a slow progressive inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), starting at approx. 20% after a single treatment and increasing to approx. 65% after 10 days. Studies designed to examine potential changes in NOS lev...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(94)90050-7
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, particularly the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens (VTA-NAcc) projection, underlies reward and aversion processing, and deficient DA function could underlie motivational impairments in psychiatric disorders. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection is an established method for chron...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.048
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of an acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetaldehyde, 20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, on the microdialysate content of both amino acids and monoamines was studies in the nucleus accumbens (NA) by a microdialysis technique. Acetaldehyde, ACH, which was detectable at levels of 50-130 mumol/g brain tissue 10 mi...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00007-5
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last decade, robust human genetic findings have been instrumental in elucidating the heritable basis of nicotine addiction (NA). They highlight coding and synonymous polymorphisms in a cluster on chromosome 15, encompassing the CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 genes, coding for three subunits of the nicotinic acetyl...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108234
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective inhibitors of the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) have been implicated in central nervous system disorders related to hypoglutamatergic function such as schizophrenia. The selective GlyT1 inhibitors ALX5407 (NFPS) and LY2365109 {[2-(4-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butylphenoxy)ethyl]-methylamino}-acetic acid in...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.016
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report in this study a 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) activated Ca2+ pathway in NG115-401L (401L) neuronal cells bearing resemblance to hormonal and ryanodine receptor activated pathways. We observed that 2-APB, in contrast to much earlier work, did not inhibit store operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) function, but ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.10.011
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We generated transgenic (Thy1alpha6) mice in which the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit, whose expression is usually confined to granule cells of cerebellum and cochlear nuclei, is ectopically expressed under the control of the pan-neuronal Thy-1.2 promoter. Strong Thy1alpha6 subunit expression occurs, for example, in ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00151-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on repeated cerebral ischemia-induced impairment of spatial memory of the 8-arm radial maze in rats. Repeated ischemia (10 min ischemia x 2 times with 1 h interval) impaired the spatial memory in...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00404-5
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gliomas, in particular glioblastoma multiforme or grade IV astrocytoma, are the most frequent class of malignant primary brain tumours and one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme are usually ineffective or just palliative. During the last ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.04.016
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (GI mGluRs) in the hippocampus results in the appearance of persistent bursts of synchronised neuronal activity. In response to other stimuli, such activity is known to cause the release of the purines ATP and its neuroactive metabolite, adenosine. We have thu...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.014
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodents emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to communicate the presence of positive or negative emotional states and to coordinate social interactions. On this basis, USVs are increasingly being used as a behavioral readout in rodent studies of affect, motivation and social behavior. Notably, several investigations h...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.008
更新日期：2019-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite evidence of local glycinergic circuits in the mature cerebellar nuclei the result of their activation remains unknown. Here, using whole cell recordings in rat cerebellar slices we demonstrated that after postnatal day 17 (>P17) glycinergic IPSCs can be readily evoked in large deep cerebellar nuclear neurons (...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.12.005
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of clonidine and tizanidine, which have antinociceptive and alpha 2-agonistic actions, were studied on the release of substance P from slices of spinal cord from the rat. Veratridine-evoked depolarization induced a 2-3-fold increase in the release of substance P from the slices of spinal cord. Exposure of the ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(91)90077-o
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The analgesic fentanyl, having a predominantly mu-opioid agonist activity, when injected into the supraoptic or paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in a water-loaded and ethanol-anesthetized rat, induced a potent antidiuretic effect in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The outflow of urine decreased to a mini...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(90)90129-f
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently reported that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thymulin at low doses (50 ng) resulted in thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and upregulation of the level of interleukin-1beta in the liver. In this study, we demonstrate that such injections of thymulin result in a significant elevation in the level...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00247-6
更新日期：2000-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were examined on the monosynaptic reflex and on the activity of motoneurons in the spinal cord of the neonatal rat to elucidate the mechanism of action of TRH and its ability to reverse the spinal depression caused by phencyclidine and ketamine. Phencyclidine (2-32 mi...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(88)90061-5
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production was previously observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to explore whether acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) therapy ameliorates clinical symptoms in AD through down-regulation of inflammation. Expression and release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.006
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Few animal models exist that focus on the metabolic contributions to dementia onset and progression. Thus, there is strong scientific rationale to explore the effects of streptozotocin (STZ), a diabetogenic compound, ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.021
更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging studies of serotonin transporter binding or tryptophan retention in autistic patients suggest that the brain serotonin system is decreased. However, treatment with drugs which increase serotonin (5-HT) levels, specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly produce a worsening of the symptoms. In this...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.002
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the rat subthalamic nucleus, which plays a critical role in the control of motor behaviour, specific binding of [3H]-prazosin was detected by radioligand binding to homogenates and by autoradiography in slices. [3H]-Prazosin binding to homogenates (Bmax 71 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein; Kd 0.27 +/- 0.05 nM) was competed fo...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00315-0
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:After neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHLs), adult rats exhibit evidence of neural processing deficits relevant to schizophrenia, including reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle and impaired sensory processing. In intact rats, the regulation of PPI by the ventral hippocampus (VH) is me...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.003
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracts of the skin of Pseudophryne coriacea displayed a powerful stimulant action on the leech helical muscle, both in vitro and in vivo. In the isolated dorsal muscle, the extract caused the appearance of vigorous phasic movements, accompanied by rapid increase in tonus, up to intense spasm. Hyoscine, physostigmine...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(86)90001-8
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptides derived from prodynorphin, dynorphin A and B, (Leu)-enkephalin and (Leu)enkephalyl-Arg, as well as substance P, were measured in substantia nigra, striatum and globus pallidus, after subacute (5 doses at 6 hr intervals) treatment of rats with a number of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists. Drugs selec...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(87)90090-6
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of h5-HT1B receptor selectivity for 5-HT terminal autoreceptor activity was investigated with the selective h5-HT1B receptor ligands SB 219085, SB 220272, SB 224289 and SB 216641. The studies employed measurement of compound affinity and efficacy in vitro and the measurement of extracellular 5-HT in the...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00026-9
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently reported that intracerebroventricularly administered 2-arachidonoylglycerol elevated plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline by brain monoacylglycerol lipase- (MGL) and cyclooxygenase-mediated mechanisms in the rat. These results suggest that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is hydrolyzed by MGL to free arachidonic acid...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.005
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relevance and property of studies related to stress effects on immune function are undisputable. All studies conducted on stress-immune relationships, however, provide from physical and/or psychological stressors. Indeed, as far as it is of our knowledge brain-innate immune responses were not analyzed after anxiog...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.09.011
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reserpine (5 mg/kg s.c.) was given to rats kept under a reversed light-dark cycle and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) determined in frontal cortex tissue and dialysate at various times after drug treatment. The decline and return of spontaneous locomotor activity was also measured. ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(94)90088-4
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term memory formation requires the coordinated regulation of gene expression. Until recently nucleosome remodeling, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms for controlling gene expression, had been largely unexplored in the field of neuroscience. Nucleosome remodeling is carried out by chromatin remodeling complex...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.002
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protease activity correlates with depressive or suicidal behaviors, with calpain activation being especially implicated in depression-like behaviors. However, the role of calpain in depression-like behaviors is currently unknown. In this study, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108175
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
