Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In February 2020, international controversy arose about the ethical acceptability of the WHO Malaria Vaccine Implementation Program (MVIP). Whereas some have argued that this program must be seen as research that is not in line with international ethical standards, notably regarding informed consent and local ethical review, some WHO representatives consider the MVIP as a public health implementation program that need not adhere to these standards. METHODS:We performed a case analysis in light of the 2016 CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research involving Humans. FINDINGS:We argue that the MVIP has a substantial research component, and that it is prudent to therefore apply ethical norms for research involving humans, such as the CIOMS guidelines. Accordingly, we agree that the ethical requirements of informed consent and independent ethical review have not been met. In addition, we are concerned that the study might not meet CIOMS's social value requirement. RECOMMENDATIONS:We urge WHO to release more details about the process that led to the MVIP program and make the MVIP protocol publicly available. The full protocol should be assessed by the relevant ethics committees, new and already enrolled parents should be informed about the uncertainties under investigation and given a real opportunity to consent or refuse (continued) participation, communities should be engaged, and aspects of MVIP that require alteration in light of ethical review should be altered, if possible. Furthermore, in order to improve good ethical practices, it is necessary to engage in international debate regarding the integration of research and public health programs. Procedurally, vaccine implementation programs that combine both prevention and research should involve the wider international ethics community and ensure participation of the target populations in setting the proper conditions for launching such programs.
journal_name
Vaccinejournal_title
Vaccineauthors
van der Graaf R,Macklin R,Rid A,Bhan A,Gefenas E,Greco D,Haerry D,Hurst S,London AJ,Saracci R,Sprumont D,van Delden JJMdoi
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.077subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-21 00:00:00pages
6975-6978issue
45eissn
0264-410Xissn
1873-2518pii
S0264-410X(20)31132-4journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VACCINE文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Measles supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) are vaccination campaigns that supplement routine vaccination programs with a recommended second dose opportunity to children of different ages regardless of their previous history of measles vaccination. They are conducted every 2-4 years and over a few w...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.080
更新日期:2018-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella were determined at 5-6 years postimmunization in 468 children vaccinated with two different trivalent vaccines. The proportions of children without detectable antibody levels were 12 and 3.6% for measles (p < 0.001), 14.9 and 7% for mumps (p = 0.006), and 3.3 ...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0264-410x(95)00098-l
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The polysaccharide has been used as a component of vaccines against pneumococcal diseases either as plain polysaccharide or better conjugated to a protein. The last one is the vaccine of choice to target child protection. The immune ...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.047
更新日期:2012-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Protein based therapeutics have enjoyed great success over the past decade. Unfortunately, with this clinical success comes a heavy price tag, owing to the inherently high costs of capitalization and production using mammalian cell fermentation. To address this problem, we have begun developing a system for the expres...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.013
更新日期:2005-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::CD8(+) T-cell responses provide beneficial antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we show that intragastric vaccination with a Salmonella HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine vector generates Env-specific CD8(+) T-cells, both in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissue. By contrast, intramuscul...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00330-9
更新日期:2001-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::While heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has decreased vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) nationwide, rapid serotype replacement and increasing parapneumonic empyema, has been reported in Utah children. The effect of pediatric vaccination on adults in this population is unknown. We identifi...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.009
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the European Union Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) eradication is still based on stamping out. Due to the lack of effective low cost vaccines immune prophylaxis is currently not used to combat VHS. This paper describes a new oral delivery method for immunisation of trout with attenuated virus. The vaccine cons...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.065
更新日期:2008-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::For humoral immunization, it may be possible to make effective and safe peptide vaccines for various diseases by selection of proper B-cell epitopes. However, a lack of T-cell epitopes on short peptides, such as those associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restriction, is a major problem for peptide va...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.031
更新日期:2005-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the therapeutic effects of romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, on experimental thrombocytopenia induced by carboplatin in cynomolgus monkeys. A prolonged thrombocytopenia due to a severe myelosuppression was induced by carboplatin. Romurtide given subcutaneously elevated significantly ...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00064-3
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent and can lead to cancer; the development of safe and efficacious vaccines for HPV is a major public health concern. The two licensed HPV vaccines contain recombinant virus-like particles of HPV 16 and 18; one of such vaccines also protects against HPV types 6 and...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.011
更新日期:2014-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::The biological activities of whole-cell pertussis vaccine and a new acellular preparation were compared. It was observed that both preparations were similarly effective in inducing protection in mice against intracerebral challenge with B. pertussis, however, the acellular preparation was approximately 200-fold more p...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0264-410x(85)90005-2
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The critical first step in the clinical development of a malaria vaccine, based on live-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, is the guarantee of complete arrest in the liver. We report on an approach for assessing adequacy of attenuation of genetically attenuated sporozoites in vivo using the Plasmodium bergh...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.010
更新日期:2012-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Randomly selected 200 subjects were tested for quantitative hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) estimation in a remote tribal area of Arunachal Pradesh, India to measure the protective immunity after vaccination in the backdrop of hyperendemic HBV infection. About 64.6 and 40.0% had HBsAb above 10 mIU/ml in the vacci...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.058
更新日期:2007-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the immunisation schedule in England and Wales, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was replaced by the 13-valent vaccine (PCV-13) in April 2010 after having been used since September 2006. The introduction of PCV-7 was informed by a cost effectiveness analysis using an infectious disease ...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.017
更新日期:2012-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease with a global burden of approximately 59,000 human deaths a year. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is almost invariably fatal; however, with timely and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of wound washing, vaccine, and in some cases rabies immuno...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.024
更新日期:2019-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::A reverse genetics infectious bursal disease virus (RG-IBDV) that contained authentic 3' RNA sequence was characterized both in vitro and in vivo. LP1-IBDV, a cell line-adapted IBDV strain variant E (VE) was used as the parent virus for constructing viral cDNA clones. Authentic 3' RNA sequence was generated by using c...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.040
更新日期:2013-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Several publications have reported recently the apparently successful use of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) in volumes of less than the 6 X 1.0 cm3 dosage schedule currently recommended by the World Health Organization for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. The newer proposed treatments are advocated to econo...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(85)90035-0
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pilot study compared the immune response of regular (0, 3, 6, 32 weeks) and extended (0, 10, 13, 32 weeks) schedules of the UK anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine precipitated, AVP). Concentrations of antibodies to protective antigen (PA) were higher (p<0.05) among recipients of the extended (n=7) versus regular schedu...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.018
更新日期:2007-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Although vaccination has had a dramatic impact on reducing economic losses due to infectious diseases, vaccination technology has not changed dramatically over the last 200 years. However, with the advent of biotechnology and our understanding of virulence factors of infectious agents combined with our knowledge of th...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00419-8
更新日期:1999-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Virus-like particles (VLP) are inert, empty capsids of viruses, which contain no DNA/RNA from the virus itself. However they retain the structure of a virus and they can be engineered to have antigens attached. We have constructed VLP, derived from Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, and shown they are highly immunogeni...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.052
更新日期:2006-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the recommendation of the Dutch association of nursing home physicians (NVVA) to be immunized against influenza, vaccine uptake among HCWs in nursing homes remains unacceptably low. Therefore we conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial among 33 Dutch nursing homes to assess the effects of a systematical...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.003
更新日期:2010-07-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The study was designed to determine the feasibility of implementing routine dTpa vaccination in the maternity ward to new mothers and to assess midwives' attitudes toward pertussis booster vaccination, their perceived susceptibility and severity of pertussis in their patients' communities, the perceived barr...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.049
更新日期:2011-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Aeromonas hydrophila, as a strong Gram-negative bacterium, can infect a wide range of freshwater fish, including common carp Cyprinus carpio, and cause the huge economic loss. To create the effective vaccine is the best way to control the outbreak of the disease caused by A. hydrophila. In this study, a live attenuate...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.075
更新日期:2016-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Although rare, invasive meningococcal disease remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children and young adults. Vaccines have been successfully introduced to help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W and Y, but until recently, a vaccine for serogroup B (MenB) was not ava...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.057
更新日期:2016-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Immunization with xenogeneic DNA is a promising cancer treatment to overcome tolerance to self-antigens. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is over-expressed in various kinds of tumors and is believed to be involved in tumor progression. This study tested a xenogeneic chicken HSP70 (chHSP70) DNA vaccine in an experimental ...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.031
更新日期:2011-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evidence-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy are lacking. Personal values are a measurable psychological construct that could be used to deliver personalized messages to influence vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Our objectives were to develop a valid, reliable self-report survey instrument to measur...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.009
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading viral cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) account for approximately 99% of the global mortality estimates in this population, with up to 200,000 RSV deaths per year. The vaccine prod...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.068
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed studies of rotavirus in MEDLINE and the Chinese literature to get a preliminary estimate of the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in China and the epidemiology of the disease. Studies were selected if they were conducted for a period 1 year or more, had more than 100 patients enrolled, and used an accept...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.054
更新日期:2007-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic and zoonotic virus with a fatality rate in humans of over 35%. Although several vaccine candidates have been developed, there is still no clinically available vaccine for MERS-CoV. In this study, we developed two types of MERS-CoV vacci...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.082
更新日期:2018-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Mice immunized with plasmid DNA encoding Nef regulatory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 developed high levels of anti-Nef antibodies. After 4 intramuscular injections of 100 microg plasmid DNA, anti-Nef antibodies reached titers up to 2 x 10(4). A significant specific antibody response was maintained fo...
journal_title:Vaccine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00203-0
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00