Abstract:
:This is a substudy of a larger randomized controlled trial on HIV-infected Zambian children, which revealed that cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduced morbidity and mortality despite a background of high cotrimoxazole resistance. The impact of cotrimoxazole on the carriage and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae as major causes of childhood mortality in HIV-infected children was investigated since these are unclear. Representative nasopharyngeal swabs were taken prior to randomization for 181 of 534 children (92 on cotrimoxazole and 89 on placebo). Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed by routine methods. Due to reduced mortality, prophylactic cotrimoxazole increased the median time from randomization to the last specimen from 48 to 56 months (P = 0.001). The carriage of H. influenzae was unaltered by cotrimoxazole. Carriage of S. pneumoniae increased slightly in both arms but was not statistically significant in the placebo arm. In S. pneumoniae switching between carriage and no carriage in consecutive pairs of samples was unaffected by cotrimoxazole (P = 0.18) with a suggestion that the probability of remaining carriage free was lower (P = 0.10). In H. influenzae cotrimoxazole decreased switching from carriage to no carriage (P = 0.02). Cotrimoxazole resistance levels were higher in postbaseline samples in the cotrimoxazole arm than in the placebo arm (S. pneumoniae, P < 0.0001; H. influenzae, P = 0.005). Cotrimoxazole decreased switching from cotrimoxazole resistance to cotrimoxazole sensitivity in S. pneumoniae (P = 0.002) and reduced the chance of H. influenzae remaining cotrimoxazole sensitive (P = 0.05). No associations were observed between the percentage of CD4 (CD4%), the change in CD4% from baseline, child age at date of specimen, child gender, or sampling month with carriage of either pathogen.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Mwenya DM,Charalambous BM,Phillips PP,Mwansa JC,Batt SL,Nunn AJ,Walker S,Gibb DM,Gillespie SHdoi
10.1128/AAC.01409-09subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
3756-62issue
9eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596pii
AAC.01409-09journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Quinazolinediones (diones) are fluoroquinolone-like inhibitors of bacterial gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV. To assess activity against mycobacteria, C-8-methoxy dione derivatives were compared with cognate fluoroquinolones by using cultured Mycobacterium smegmatis. Diones exhibited higher MIC values than fluoroquinol...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00033-11
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abstract::The need for novel antibacterial strategies and the awareness of the importance of quorum sensing (QS) in bacterial infections have stimulated research aimed at identifying QS inhibitors (QSIs). However, clinical application of QSIs identified so far is still distant, likely due to their unsuitability for use in human...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01952-12
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abstract::The apparent body clearance of chloramphenicol was investigated in 21 hospitalized adult patients on 27 occasions. Apparent body clearance was found to be significantly lower (1.99 +/- 1.49 ml/min per kg) in patients with total serum bilirubin concentrations of >1.5 mg/100 ml than in patients with serum bilirubin conc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.5.651
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abstract::The human pathogen Giardia lamblia is an anaerobic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis, one of the most common diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although several drugs are available for the treatment of giardiasis, drug resistance has been reported and is likely to increase, and recurrent infections are common. The ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00618-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::DS86760016 is a new leucyl-tRNA-synthetase inhibitor at the preclinical development stage. DS86760016 showed potent activity against extended-spectrum multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples and in vitro biofilms. In a murine catheter-associated urinary tract infection model, DS867600...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02122-18
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abstract::Polymyxin B (PMB) binds to and neutralizes endotoxin, but its systemic clinical utility is limited by neuro- and nephrotoxicity. PMX622 is a covalent conjugate of PMB and Dextran-70 designed to retain the ability of PMB to neutralize endotoxin and to retain the favorable colloidal, pharmacokinetic, and metabolic prope...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.8.2987-2992.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treating malaria in HIV-coinfected individuals should consider potential drug-drug interactions. Artemether-lumefantrine is the most widely recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria globally. Lumefantrine is metabolized by CYP3A4, an enzyme that commonly used antiretrovirals often induce or inhibit. A population...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02394-19
更新日期:2020-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of tebipenem (TBM), a new oral carbapenem antibiotic, against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates (n = 202) was compared with those of 15 reference agents. The isolates were classified into five genotypic classes after PCR identification of abnormal pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes: (i) penic...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01661-08
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00125-07
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.28.4.565
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four out of 143 phenotypically isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that were isolated from patients in Germany in 2011 had mutations in the rifampin resistance-determining region of rpoB. After performing drug susceptibility testing (DST) with two methods, the proportion met...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01752-13
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical variations accompanying the acquisition of ethambutol (EMB) resistance in a single-step mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra were analyzed. Comparative analysis of phospholipids revealed a reduced content in the EMB-resistant strain, particularly in the cell membrane fraction. Significant alterations...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.9.1773
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.4.630
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the efficacies of cefotaxime (CTX) and amoxicillin (AMX)-clavulanate (CLA) (AMC) against extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in vitro and in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI). MICs, the checkerboard dilution method, and time-kill curves were used to explore the...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02018-15
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Interpretive agreements among the results of fluconazole broth microdilution tests, Etests, and disk diffusion tests were documented by evaluating 495 Candida spp. Microdilution reference test results were in agreement with 96% of the Etest results; most discrepancies were minor differences. Fluconazole resistance of ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1781-1784.2002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As opposed to Enterococcus faecalis, which is intrinsically resistant to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins (LSAP phenotype) by production of the ABC protein Lsa(A), Enterococcus faecium is naturally susceptible. Since this phenotype may be selected for in vivo by quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D), the a...
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::FCE 22891 is the oral prodrug of FCE 22101, a new broad-spectrum penem. The pharmacokinetics of FCE 22891 after single-dose administration, its absolute bioavailability, and the effect of food intake on its absorption were investigated in three different randomized crossover studies in healthy volunteers. Drug levels ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.34.6.1001
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penetration of cefprozil into the middle ear fluid was investigated in patients with chronic otitis media. A total of 89 patients ranging from 7 months to 11 years old participated in the study. The middle ear fluid was removed by ventilation tubes inserted through the tympanic membrane at times ranging from 0.38 to 5...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is a frequent problem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This resistance is mainly due to the hyperproduction of chromosomally encoded β-lactamase and biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of β-lactamase in th...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Automated DNA sequencing was used to analyze the oxyR-ahpC region in 229 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates recently recovered from diseased humans and animals. The entire 1,221-bp region was studied in 118 isolates, and 111 other isolates were sequenced for oxyR, ahpC, or the 105-bp oxyR-ahpC intergenic regi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.41.3.600
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to antifungal drugs, specifically azoles such as fluconazole, in the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans has become an increasing problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this resistance have only recently become apparent and can include a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of antimicrobial dosage regimens during drug development to derive predicted target attainment values is frequently used to choose the optimal dose for the treatment of patients in phase 2 and 3 studies. A criticism is that pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimates and variability in health...
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更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00