Abstract:
:The Environmental Protection Agency measures the success or failure of Superfund site remediation efforts against remedial action objectives (RAOs). RAOs are frequently based on environmental contaminant concentrations, but with lead exposure, blood lead levels from the population at risk are often used. Although childhood lead screening is an important public health tool, an RAO based on child blood lead levels raises ethical concerns: public health efforts that are more reactive than preventive, a blood lead standard (10 μg/dL) that may not be fully protective, the use of a measure whose validity and reliability may be easily compromised, and exacerbation of environmental injustice and systematic disadvantages. The example of Bunker Hill mine, Kellogg, Idaho, allowed an examination of these ethical concerns.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Moodie SM,Evans ELdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300226subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
S156-60eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2011.300226journal_volume
101 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined recent public-sector trends in childhood vaccine costs and estimated future costs. METHODS:We used public-sector price data to calculate vaccine purchase cost per child for children aged 0 to 6 years from 1975 to 2001. We fit a linear regression model to historical data and then used it to proje...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.12.1982
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the 18-month incidence of tooth loss in a random sample of 451 dentate noninstitutionalized Iowans aged 65 and older residing in two rural counties. They had a mean of 19.0 teeth at baseline and lost an average of 0.4 teeth during the subsequent 18 months. Twenty-one per cent of the population ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.10.1330
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few data are available on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women. A total of 498 lesbians and bisexual women was sampled from public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, Calif, during 1993. The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2%. Ten percent of participants ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.11.1549
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food fortification is an effective public health tool for addressing micronutrient deficiencies. The mandatory fortification of enriched cereal grains (e.g., wheat flour) with folic acid, which began in the United States in 1998, is an example of a successful intervention that significantly reduced the rate of neural ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300135
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nauru is a small phosphate-rich independent island country situated in the Central Pacific. The population is Micronesian and was estimated to be 4,680 in mid-1981. An analysis of mortality data for the years 1976-81 indicates a high adult male mortality due to accidents, injuries, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.2.149
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively identified 102 mechanically restrained hospital patients and determined their hospital course. The cohort was elderly, cognitively impaired with multiple chronic diseases. The in-hospital mortality was 21 percent. Nosocomial infection developed in 12 percent and new pressure sores in 22 percent. Prolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.6.735
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The association between carbonated beverage consumption and bone mineral density was examined in a community-based cohort of older White women. METHODS:One thousand women 44 to 98 years of age had bone mineral density measured at four sites and provided medical and behavioral histories, including type and q...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.276
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) to the risk of injury mortality and morbidity among working-age adults. METHODS:The sample consisted of respondents to the National Health Interview Survey (1987-1994), and separate analyses were conducted for injury deaths to respondents by...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.70
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify individual and contextual predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking by race/ethnicity. METHODS:We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to estimate the effects of individual (adolescent, family, peer) and contextual (scho...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.128
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate a multicultural smoking prevention curriculum, 16 schools were randomized to receive the multicultural curriculum or a standard curriculum and program effects on 1-year smoking initiation among 1430 never smokers were assessed. Hispanic boys who received the multicultural curriculum were less likely to ini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.2.263
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The status of mammography screening experience and factors related to utilization were examined in six towns serviced by physician staffs at five hospitals. Data were collected via random digit dial telephone interview of a probability sample of 1184 women, aged 45-75 years. The results showed that 55% of the women re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.11.1499
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined two major methadone treatment factors, visit frequency and methadone dose, posited to be important in reducing intravenous drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. METHODS:One hundred fifty opiate-dependent subjects randomly assigned to four groups received 50 or 80 ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.34
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because larger food portions could be contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, this study was designed to weigh samples of marketplace foods, identify historical changes in the sizes of those foods, and compare current portions with federal standards. METHODS:We obtained informat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.2.246
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), enacted in 2005, grants the firearm industry broad immunity from liability. The PLCAA not only prevents most people from receiving compensation for their firearm-related injuries, it erodes litigation's ability to serve its public health role of providing manufact...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.092544
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response levels obtained from two methods of patient contact to obtain subject consent for participation in epidemiologic studies were compared. When a signed, return card was required prior to further contact, 70 to 83 per cent of patients consented to participate, compared with consistently higher levels (89 to 93 p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.11.1331
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the 1981 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey were used to examine relationships between family and child characteristics and regular use of seatbelts or child restraints. Only for a third of children less than seven years old was regular seatbelt use reported. They were more likel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.12.1425
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examining previously underused corporate documents, we revisit the story of the Asbestos Information Association/North America, an industry trade group that sought in the early 1970s to counteract the growing public attention to, and government regulation of, asbestos as a serious threat to workers and consumers. From...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303023
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization. METHODS:Using national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence r...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301997
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sample of 745 gay men, ages 20 to 65, were interviewed in 1985 as part of an effort to determine the impact of the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic on the non-ill but at-risk community. Measured in terms of the number of different sexual partners, sexual activity was reported to have declined by 78...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.5.578
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether nonstandard work schedules by mothers were associated with adolescent overweight. METHODS:We conducted multiple regression analyses using a sample of mother-child pairs (n=2353) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the association between the number of years moth...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.123885
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined differences in weight at age 18 years and at current age and weight change by sexual orientation within different racial/ethnic populations, stratifying by gender. METHODS:We used 2001-2007 data from the California Health Interview Survey, resulting in an unweighted sample of 120,274 individua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301391
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of a low-intensity work-site heart disease risk reduction program using a matched pair design with work site as the unit of analysis. METHODS:Twenty-six heterogeneous work sites with between 125 and 750 employees were matched on key organizati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.2.209
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the readiness to vaccinate critical infrastructure personnel (CIP) involved in managing public works, emergency services, transportation, or any other system or asset that would have an immediate debilitating impact on the community if not maintained. METHODS:We analyzed self-reported planning to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303942
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of consumer demand for patient-oriented pharmacy services. Data, collected via a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 300 households, were analyzed using Kruskal's program for additive conjoint analysis. The results indicate substantial consumer demand ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.6.609
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to establish the prevalence of physical activity among smokers, whether or not physically active smokers were more likely to attempt cessation, and who these physically active smokers were. METHODS:We used logistic regression to contrast physically active and inactive smokers in a secondary data a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.120469
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To determine if and how state and local public health departments present information about climate change on their Web sites, their most public-facing platform.Methods. We collected data from every functioning state (n = 50), county (n = 2090), and city (n = 585) public health department Web site in the U...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305723
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed data from a survey of occupational factors and pregnancy outcome to examine the effects of cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption on pregnancy outcome. Clear and statistically significant associations were found between cigarette and alcohol consumption and spontaneous abortion. There was a weaker but ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.1.85
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article describes the implementation and impact of the first statewide condom social marketing intervention in the United States. METHODS:A statewide social marketing program made condoms freely available in 93 public health clinics, 39 community mental health centers, 29 substance abuse treatment site...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.2.204
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses to a survey of 637 Iowa children under age six years from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) households was conducted through telephone interviews with parents and compared to a second sample of children in 760 randomly sampled households. Utilization of health services for children in the AFDC s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.8.1000
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00