Abstract:
:Food fortification is an effective public health tool for addressing micronutrient deficiencies. The mandatory fortification of enriched cereal grains (e.g., wheat flour) with folic acid, which began in the United States in 1998, is an example of a successful intervention that significantly reduced the rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite the drop in NTD rates across all racial/ethnic groups after fortification, Hispanics continue to have the highest rates of this condition. One possible way to reduce this disparity is to fortify corn masa flour to increase the overall intake of folic acid in Hispanic women. We present the available evidence in favor of this approach, address possible safety issues, and outline next steps in the fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid in the United States.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Fleischman AR,Oinuma Mdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300135subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-01 00:00:00pages
1360-4issue
8eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2011.300135journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To improve our understanding of climate variability and diarrheal disease at the community level and inform predictions for future climate change scenarios, we examined whether the El Niño climate pattern is associated with increased rates of diarrhea among Peruvian children. METHODS:We analyzed daily surve...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300573
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse demonstrable health effects linked to the individual's smoking were shown to 2,689 American workers to motivate cessation during routine examinations to detect asbestosis. This intervention was evaluated six to 25 months later by a mailed questionnaire and by telephone to non-responders. Results were compared ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.11.1334
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among all deaths to Connecticut residents (1990/91), 1260 were acceptable Spanish-surname matches (using father's surname for females), of which only 793 (62.9%) were identified as Hispanic origin on the death certificate. Certificates also identified 127 non-Spanish-surnamed Hispanics. With death rates for non-Hispan...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.7.998
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most exposure to low-level ionizing radiation, both diagnostic x-rays and nuclear radiation, occur in the range between 100 milirads and 10 rads--the "one rad range". In the past, the estimates of hazards in this range have been obtained by linear extrapolation from data on persons who were exposed to much higher dosa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.2.130
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in pregnant women in rural South Africa and to determine the value of using abnormal urogenital symptoms to identify infected women. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study of 327 patients attending prenatal clini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1243
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children. Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303815
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined long-term trends and differences in infant mortality in the United States from 1950 through 1991 according to race and ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. Forecasts are made through the year 2010. METHODS:Log-linear regression models were applied to data from the Nat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.7.957
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed which types of mass media messages might reduce disparities in smoking prevalence among disadvantaged population subgroups. METHODS:We followed 1491 adult smokers over 24 months and related quitting status at follow-up to exposure to antismoking ads in the 2 years prior to the baseline assessmen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.161638
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomly selected sample of physicians in three large cities was asked to read one of four vignettes describing a patient. They then completed a set of objective attitude measures eliciting their reactions to the patient described in the vignette. The vignettes were identical except that the patient's illness was id...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.789
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used participatory design methods to develop and test guidebooks about health care choices intended for 600 000 English-, Spanish-, and Chinese-speaking seniors and people with disabilities receiving Medicaid in California. METHODS:Design and testing processes were conducted with consumers and profession...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.155648
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three hundred ninety-eight patients treated in the emergency room for non-urgent complaints who stated that they had no regular source of primary medical care were referred to one of several medical care centers in the area. Overall, 34 per cent of such patients complied with the referral. Correlates of compliance wer...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.1.57
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to measure the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in Blacks and Whites. A home interview was followed by a survey center visit. Participation rates were 78 per cent and 90 per cent for the home interview and 65 per cent and 68 per cent fo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.12.1546
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively identified 102 mechanically restrained hospital patients and determined their hospital course. The cohort was elderly, cognitively impaired with multiple chronic diseases. The in-hospital mortality was 21 percent. Nosocomial infection developed in 12 percent and new pressure sores in 22 percent. Prolo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.6.735
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noneconomic factors can be critical to the outcome of an economic development program. Anyone with development experience will have no difficulty recalling instances where, despite good economic planning, failure to account for social, cultural, and/or health factors has resulted in program accomplishments which fell...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.61.9.1751
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With attention to the field of public health ethics growing, significant time has been devoted to identifying a sound ethical justification for paternalistic interventions that override individual autonomy to prevent people from adopting unhealthy behaviors. Efforts focused on specifying the conditions that warrant pa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.110361
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists have expressed concern about constraints upon the conduct of epidemiological research imposed by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), attorneys, and both institutional and individual health services providers. The epidemiologists assert that these constraints, not necessarily required by law or sound po...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.10.1155
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined rates of uninsurance among workers in the US health care workforce by health care industry subtype and workforce category. METHODS:We used 2004 to 2006 National Health Interview Survey data to assess health insurance coverage rates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to est...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.152413
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the effectiveness of child restraints in preventing death during motor vehicle collisions among children 3 years or younger. METHODS:We conducted a matched cohort study using Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from 1996 to 2005. We estimated death risk ratios using conditional Poisson regr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.131128
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to understand how the tobacco industry uses "youth smoking prevention" programs in Latin America. We analyzed tobacco industry documents, so-called "social reports," media reports, and material provided by Latin American public health advocates. Since the early 1990s, multinational tobacco companies have pro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.094128
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess time trends in mortality rates in European countries for the period 2011 to 2015 by level of austerity measures imposed by governments in response to the economic and financial crisis. METHODS:We analyzed standardized mortality rates (SMRs) for 2011 through 2015 in 15 European countries based on E...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.304997
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the current extent of programs and policies to facilitate smoking cessation among employees, we queried 128 large employers in Massachusetts in mid-1978. Eighty-four (66 per cent) responded. Fifty-four (64 per cent) of the respondents had designated jobs or work areas in which smoking was prohibited usually ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.6.629
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the outpatient medical records of 265 homeless children less than 5 years of age in New York City and compared them with children of similar low socioeconomic status (SES) attending the same pediatric clinic. The frequency of health problems among the homeless children, including delayed immunizations, ele...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1232
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe changes in suspected heroin overdose emergency department (ED) visits. Methods. We analyzed quarterly and yearly changes in heroin overdoses during 2017-2018 by using data from 23 states and jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305053
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more than 40 years, the tobacco industry prevailed in lawsuits brought by injured smokers, despite overwhelming epidemiological evidence that smoking caused lung cancer. Tobacco lawyers were able to create doubt about causation. They sought to persuade jurors that "everybody knew" smoking was harmful but "nobody k...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.063917
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Many adolescent girls fail to meet national guidelines for physical activity, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing among this group. Our study examined the effects of a comprehensive school-based intervention on physical activity among high-school girls. METHODS:A group-randomized controlled field tr...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.045807
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:National data are thought to underestimate pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. A multisource surveillance system for pregnancy-associated deaths in New Jersey offers an opportunity to identify the magnitude of and the trends in pregnancy-related mortality at the state level. METHODS:Data from ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.8.1085
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schools of Public Health historically introduced core curriculum courses in the first year of the Master of Public Health program as independent perspectives; these perspectives included epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, public health biology, health behaviors, and health policy. We performed a pilot ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302558
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Strategies for control of Giardia lamblia in day care differ in numbers of children treated and in costs to parents and day care operators. The effectiveness of these strategies has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS:We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing three strategies f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.8.1001
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents data from an experimental project which distributed oral contraceptives, foam, and condoms to households in three rural areas of Haiti between January 1978 and March 1980. The contraceptive distribution had little apparent impact on traditional, prolonged breastfeeding patterns, and the percentage ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.8.835
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the impact of French routine programs urging the combined measles-mumps-rubella immunization of 15-month-old children. METHODS:We applied a cohort analysis to surveillance data collected by general practitioners to estimate the cumulative incidence rate per 1000 unvaccinated children and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.1.79
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00