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Blood lead levels and timing of male sexual maturity: A longitudinal study of Russian boys.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Higher blood lead levels (BLLs) have been linked to neurologic deficits and impaired growth, but few studies have evaluated their association with timing of sexual maturity or pubertal progression in boys. METHODS:In a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys enrolled at age 8-9 and followed to adulthood, BLLs were measured at study entry, and pubertal staging (genitalia and pubic hair) and testicular volume (TV) measurements were obtained annually. We used interval-censored regression models to estimate differences between boys with higher BLL (≥5 μg/dL) and lower BLL in mean ages at sexual maturity (genitalia stage 5, pubic hair stage 5, or TV ≥ 20 mL) and duration of pubertal progression (onset to maturity), adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation analyses were conducted to quantify the percent of lead's effect attributable to its association with reduced somatic growth. RESULTS:Among 481 evaluable boys, 28% had BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL. Adjusted mean ages at sexual maturity were 14.7 years for genitalia, 16.1 for pubic hair, and 13.9 for TV. In adjusted models, boys with BLLs ≥5 μg/dL had later maturity than those with lower levels by 4-5 months depending on pubertal indicator. In mediation analyses, height and body mass index at age 11 accounted for 40-71% of the shift in age at maturity for boys with higher compared to lower BLLs. Higher BLLs were not associated with pace of pubertal progression. CONCLUSIONS:Higher lead levels were associated with later attainment of sexual maturity in males, but not with the duration of pubertal progression. A high proportion of the delay in sexual maturity for boys with higher as compared to lower BLL was shown to be attributable to mediating effects of BLL on reduced growth.

journal_name

Environ Int

journal_title

Environment international

authors

Williams PL,Bellavia A,Korrick SA,Burns JS,Lee MM,Sergeyev O,Hauser R,Russian Children's Study Team.

doi

10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.070

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-04-01 00:00:00

pages

470-477

eissn

0160-4120

issn

1873-6750

pii

S0160-4120(18)32630-8

journal_volume

125

pub_type

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