Abstract：
:Clostridium difficile infection, also known as C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, typically initiated by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt gut flora, thereby allowing C. difficile to proliferate. It is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in hospitals and long-term care facilities. A particularly challenging aspect to treating CDAD has been maintenance of clinical response: following initial treatment success, recurrence occurs in approximately 15-30% of patients after the first episode and up to 50-60% subsequently. Fidaxomicin, marketed as DIFICID® in the United States, is approved in multiple countries and is the first new drug to be approved for this indication in over 25 years. It is a novel, narrow spectrum antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against C. difficile and low activity against the normal gut microbiota. In clinical trials, fidaxomicin has been shown to be noninferior in initial clinical response to CDAD compared to vancomycin, and superior in limiting recurrence and providing sustained clinical response. In this review, the development and characteristics of fidaxomicin are described.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Sears P,Ichikawa Y,Ruiz N,Gorbach Sdoi
10.1111/nyas.12135subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-01 00:00:00pages
33-41eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1291pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In Bar Harbor 129 dystrophic mice, thymic development is abnormal. Before weaning, the thymus is slightly smaller than in phenotypically normal littermates; after weaning, however, the lymphoid elements undergo rapid atrophy. The epithelial elements, in contrast, display hyperlasia. Thymectomy has no influence on the ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56574.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A broad biological approach makes it possible to understand why aging exists and also why different mammalian species have very different maximum longevities. The adult organism is maintained in a functional state by at least ten major mechanisms, which together constitute a substantial proportion of all biological pr...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09892.x
更新日期：1998-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunosuppressive therapy and clinical evolution were studied in 49 patients (29 females) with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis. The mean age of patients at presentation was 55 years, and the mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 43 months (+/-33) (range, 3-140). Among the 49 patients, 10 ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1361.104
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:These initial studies show that deregulated expression of ALG7 affects diverse cellular functions crucial to development, including proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Furthermore, the data suggest multiple genetic targets for ALG7 and provide the basis for future dissection of these developmentally rel...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09648.x
更新日期：1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The same retinal image motion can be produced by a variety of combinations of eye and target motion. In natural conditions, extraretinal information disambiguates retinal information for motion perception. By controlling the timing of visual motion with respect to saccades, it was possible to appraise the roles for mo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1325.015
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously described proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene-expression in human normal cultured dermal fibroblasts, and its dose- and time-dependent modulation by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The aim of the work described here was to investigate POMC-derived ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08684.x
更新日期：1999-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was aimed at finding neural correlates of aesthetic versus descriptive listening of the same musical cadences. Results showed that aesthetic listening generated greater right frontocentral negativities than did descriptive listening, indicating distinct cortical mechanisms for aesthetic versus descri...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1284.018
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Fractalkine, a CX3C/chemokine (CX3CL1), mediates monocytes-macrophage infiltration in activated endothelium, suggesting its specific role in atherosclerosis-related inflammation. In this study, we evaluate the following in early RA patients: the...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1381.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that the tight junction is a dynamically regulated structure. Cytoskeletal reorganization, particularly myosin light chain phosphorylation--induced actomyosin contraction, has increasingly been recognized as a mediator of physiological and pathophysiological tight junction regulation. Howe...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06613.x
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The psychostimulant 3,4-,ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is known to induce hyperthermia and alterations in neurochemical metabolism in the CNS. However, the detailed cellular or molecular mechanisms behind MDMA-induced neurotoxicity are still not well known. Since MDMA induces profound hyperthermia tha...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1432.052
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The research presented at this conference, including a series of excellent posters from junior investigators, documents the pervasive importance of affiliation and other social behaviors. Affiliative behaviors interact with, but are distinct from reproductive and aggressive behaviors. Patterns of social behaviors tend...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51909.x
更新日期：1997-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) capable of "neutralizing" or "inhibiting" immune responses have been described. This review will focus on the properties of phosphorothioate ODN that mimic the immunosuppressive activity of the repetitive TTAGGG motifs present in mammalian telomeres. These TTAGGG multimers block t...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04970.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most important advances in perinatal health care is the use of antepartum fetal testing. Antepartum fetal testing methods may include inexpensive tests such as fetal kick counts or tests that can be quite expensive such as non-stress tests, fetal biophysical profiles, and Doppler assessments as well as inva...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06224.x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-inflammatory efficacy of the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE, Avemar) in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was examined. To Wistar rats with AA, different doses of FWGE and anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, dexamethasone) as monotherapies were administered and FWGE and either diclofenac or dexamethaso...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1423.037
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inflammatory response in the lungs following an inhalation exposure of animals and humans to ozone (O3) is associated with macrophage stimulation, release of chemotactic agents, and neutrophilia. This study investigated the adhesive behavior of the alveolar macrophages and its relevance to the inflammatory process...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32565.x
更新日期：1996-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The action of a medicinal spray that contains anti-inflammatory and bacterio-static drugs integrated with the penetrating and potentiating agent DMSO has been evaluated clinically in 60 infants with acute respiratory obstruction. A dose of 2 ml of this spray is applied in the posterior pharynx and the tonsil region; 1...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb25388.x
更新日期：1975-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increased in the white matter (WMH) and deep gray matter in dementia and depression and may have similar pathologies. However, no previous study has examined WMH in subjects with major depression. We carried out in vitro MRI on brain tissue from elderly s...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04835.x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MRI is a robust technology that allows for superior contrast of muscles, tissues, and bones within the body, which enables visualization of soft tissue pathology that cannot be seen with CT or plain film radiography. In order to appreciate the subtle (and sometimes not so subtle) intricacies of MRI, one must have a ba...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04393.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Full-grown amphibian oocytes, arrested in prophase I or meiosis, respond in vitro to progesterone and certain other steroids. They undergo an apparently normal sequence of nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic differentiation, which are necessary precedents for fertilization and embryogenesis. Individual oocytes or popul...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb29433.x
更新日期：1977-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The repeated, intermittent use of cocaine and other drugs of abuse produces profound and often long-lasting alterations in behavior and brain chemistry. It has been suggested that these consequences of drug use play a critical role in drug craving and relapse to addiction. This article reviews the effects of psychosti...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03558.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and nerve agents (NAs) are highly toxic chemicals that pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. These compounds induce status epilepticus (SE) by irreversibly blocking the ability of acetylcholinesterase to break down acetylcholine at neural synapses. Animal models of orga...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13092
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Murine typhus is a cause of fever of intermediate duration in the south of Spain, where antibodies against Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis were observed in humans. This study presents the first report from the northeast of Spain. Human serum samples were tested by serological test. R. typhi and R. felis seroprev...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1374.028
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroporation was used to transform the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens with broad-host-range plasmid pLA2917, which contains a gene specifying resistance to kanamycin. Plasmid DNA was introduced into M. extorquens in the presence of an electric pulse, and kanamycin-resistant transformants were ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb18568.x
更新日期：1991-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper considers issues arising from presentations by Barry Everitt and Gorica Petrovich concerning amygdalar involvement in appetitive conditioning. Studies reported by these researchers are beginning to unravel the distribution of associative functions among amygdalar nuclei and their efferent targets. The main ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07083.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanofluids consisting of nanometer-sized particles dispersed in base liquids are known to be effective in extending the saturated boiling regime and critical heat flux in pool boiling. The heat transfer characteristics of nanosilica suspensions with particle sizes of 10 and 20 nm in pool boiling with a suspended heati...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04334.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Na,K-ATPase gamma subunit is present primarily in kidney as two splice variants, gammaa and gammab, which differ only at their extracellular N-termini. Two distinct effects of gamma are seen in biochemical Na,K-ATPase assays of mammalian (HeLa) cells transfected with gammaa or gammab, namely, (i) a decrease in K'(...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07224.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperoxia and alkalemia, as a result of pulmonary hyperventilation and elevation of plasma DNA (pDNA), are seen during the first 24 h after ischemic stroke. In this study we have examined the correlation between pDNA and these blood parameters in health and stroke. Acid-base equilibrium, oxygen status, hemoglobin affi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1448.040
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and late initiation of corticosteroid treatment are included in the present study. Four of them received LHRHa treatment for the arrest of central precocious puberty, while the other four served as controls. The administration of LHRHa was effective in arresting the m...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43873.x
更新日期：1993-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:After fertilization, the next major hurdle for human reproduction is trophoblast differentiation, which is required for implantation, followed in lockstep by rapid assembly of these embryonic cells into a functional placenta. During this process, cytotrophoblast stem cells invade the uterus, anchoring the conceptus to...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03211.x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, in membrane transport studies, we have observed the duality of ligand-binding site interactions in a structural protein membrane. Separately, the role of membrane anisotropy in the transport/catalytic behavior of an enzyme-membrane was investigated and modeled by the present authors. In this work, we are com...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb14181.x
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
