Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Cancer prognostic biomarkers have shown disappointing clinical applicability. The objective of this study was to classify and estimate how study results are overinterpreted and misreported in prognostic factor studies in oncology. METHODS:This systematic review focused on 17 oncology journals with an impact factor above 7. PubMed was searched for primary clinical studies published in 2015, evaluating prognostic factors. We developed a classification system, focusing on three domains: misleading reporting (selective, incomplete reporting, misreporting), misleading interpretation (unreliable statistical analysis, spin) and misleading extrapolation of the results (claiming irrelevant clinical applicability, ignoring uncertainty). RESULTS:Our search identified 10,844 articles. The 98 studies included investigated a median of two prognostic factors (Q1-Q3, 1-7). The prognostic factors' effects were selectively and incompletely reported in 35/98 and 24/98 full texts, respectively. Twenty-nine articles used linguistic spin in the form of strong statements. Linguistic spin rejecting non-significant results was found in 34 full-text results and 15 abstract results sections. One in five articles had discussion and/or abstract conclusions that were inconsistent with the study findings. Sixteen reports had discrepancies between their full-text and abstract conclusions. CONCLUSIONS:Our study provides evidence of frequent overinterpretation of findings of prognostic factor assessment in high-impact medical oncology journals.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
Kempf E,de Beyer JA,Cook J,Holmes J,Mohammed S,Nguyên TL,Simera I,Trivella M,Altman DG,Hopewell S,Moons KGM,Porcher R,Reitsma JB,Sauerbrei W,Collins GSdoi
10.1038/s41416-018-0305-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
1288-1296issue
10eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827pii
10.1038/s41416-018-0305-5journal_volume
119pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:High amplification of epiregulin (EREG) and amphireglin (AREG) in tumour tissues has been previously reported to be associated with better outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who were treated with anti-EGFR antibodies. Here we investigated associations between the expression of other cand...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2016.74
更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Uncertainty remains about the associations of adiposity with intestinal cancer in China and by its anatomical subtype. METHODS:The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recorded 3024 incident cases of colorectal (CRC) and 143 cases of small intestine (SIC) cancer during a 10-year follow-up among 509 568 partic...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41416-018-0124-8
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The limited prognosis of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) on existing hormonal manipulation therapies calls out for the urgent need for new management strategies. The novel, orally available, small-molecule compound, abiraterone acetate, is undergoing evaluation in early clinical trials and em...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604904
更新日期：2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:We followed 353 women referred with abnormal cervical cytology in a non-intervention cohort study. In 91 pregnant women we compared high-risk human papilloma virus rates in the subsequent trimesters and postpartum in comparison to 262 non-pregnant women. High-risk human papilloma virus clearance was compared with 179 ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600367
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gap junctions provide a route for small molecules to pass directly between cells. Toxic species may spread through junctions into 'bystander' cells, which may be exploited in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, this may be prevented by junction closure, and therefore an understanding of the dose-dependency of inhi...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601686
更新日期：2004-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) regimen as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients. METHODS:Seventy-three patients with T2-T4 or N+ were enroled. Preoperative chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of mFOLFOX6. The primary end points were the response ra...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2016.126
更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy of infancy but little is known about the aetiological factors associated with the development of this tumour. A number of epidemiological studies have previously examined the risk associated with paternal occupational exposures but most have involved small numbers ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605504
更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The met proto-oncogene is the tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor for hepatocyte growth factor. In the present study, we investigated the role of met expression on the modulation of apoptosis in colorectal tumours. The gene expressions of c-met and the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family, including bcl-2, bcl-x(L)and bcl-w...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.2000.1301
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of human serum albumin (HA) on the biological effects of 13 chemotherapeutic agents was studied in vitro in the human leukaemia cell line MOLT-3. On the basis of changes in biological activity influenced by HA, these drugs may be divided into three types. Type I agents include cis-diamminedichloroplatinu...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1980.103
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major advances in cancer immunotherapy have dramatically expanded the potential to manipulate immune cells in cancer patients with metastatic disease to counteract cancer spread and extend patient lifespan. One of the most successful types of immunotherapy is the immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 and a...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41416-020-01160-5
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:FOXA1 expression is a good prognostic marker for endocrine therapy in hormone-positive breast cancer. We retrospectively examined breast cancer patients with luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumours, as defined by immunohistochemistry, who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (N...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2014.595
更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Temsirolimus was approved in Europe as first-line treatment of poor-prognosis advanced renal cell carcinoma (advRCC) based on significant clinical benefits. METHODS:Patients with advRCC and multiple poor-prognostic factors were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg intravenous temsirolimus weekly, interferon-a...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605647
更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A clinical trial conducted according to a schedule of interim analyses written into the protocol, and stopped according to a predetermined rule, is known to statisticians as a sequential clinical trial. This methodology is becoming more widely used in trials concerning life-threatening diseases because of its ability ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1993.500
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) therapy is an effective treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Doxorubicin is a substrate for ABCB1 and SLC22A16 transporters. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that requires oxidation to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which yields a cytotoxic alkylating agent. The initial oxi...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605587
更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Sera from 182 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were assayed for antibodies to p53 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and antibodies were detected in 48 (26%) compared with 1 out of 76 (1.3%) normal control volunteers (P = 0.0001). In breast cancer patients, autoantibodies were found in al...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1994.219
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HER-2/neu is a tumour antigen that is overexpressed in human breast tumours. Among the vaccine strategies developed to overcome immune tolerance to self-proteins, vaccination with anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies has been described as a promising approach for treatment of several malignant diseases. To develop an a...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601825
更新日期：2004-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This multicentre, open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of SPI-1620, an analogue of endothelin-1, administered in combination with docetaxel as second-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC). METHODS:Eligible patients received continuous cycles of combination thera...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/bjc.2017.160
更新日期：2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The important role of the p53 gene in tumour progression and cellular response to DNA damage has prompted investigation of the clinical significance of alterations to this gene. We examined both p53 overexpression and mutation of the gene in endometrial carcinoma in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of the...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1996.401
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need to evaluate cancer services and provide a baseline on current treatment success and organization. This study shows that this process may be severely hindered by case note destruction or inaccessibility and incomplete information. This is an ongoing problem that needs to be addressed now. ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1997.21
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this paper is to compare the hospital costs of treating patients with colorectal cancers detected as a result of a faecal occult blood screening programme with those of patients whose cancers present symptomatically (control group). Patient-specific cost estimates are made, using case records and hosp...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1993.462
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The degree of lymphocyte infiltration is a prognostic factor in liver cancer, but to date the mechanisms by which lymphocytes infiltrate into and are retained in hepatic tumours are poorly understood. We hypothesised that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein vitronectin, a major component of the stroma of hepatic tum...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6603467
更新日期：2006-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A Phase I study of oral daily misonidazole (MISO) with conventional pelvic irradiation, has been conducted in patients with carcinoma of the cervix Stages IB, IIB, IIIB and IVA. MISO was administered in daily dosages to sequential groups of patients at doses of 0.15 g/m2, 0.30 g/m2 or 0.45 g/m2 for 22 days over 5 week...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/bjc.1982.138
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins are ubiquitous low molecular weight proteins characterised by high cysteine content and affinity for binding heavy metals. Abnormal metallothionein function and expression have been implicated in various disease states, including neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate metallothionein expr...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1995.443
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New therapeutic strategies are now being developed against adenocarcinoma associated with erbB-2 amplification, particularly by inhibiting p185erbB-2 expression. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides seem promising for this purpose as long as they are efficiently protected against degradation and targeted into the cells. We...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1998.238
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erbicin is a human anti-ErbB2 single-chain antibody fragment with high affinity and selectivity for ErbB2-positive cancer cells. Two anti-ErbB2 immunoconjugates, called Erb-hRNase and Erb-hcAb, have been prepared and found to be selectively cytotoxic on ErbB2-positive cancer cells in vitro and vivo. In Erb-hRNase, Erb...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604022
更新日期：2007-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Early detection of relapse has been advocated to improve survival in children with recurrent medulloblastoma. However, the prognostic factors and the longer term outcome of these patients remains unclear. Pattern of recurrences were analysed in three consecutive protocols of the Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatriq...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/bjc.1998.220
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is produced by activated T and NK lymphoid cells, mononuclear cells, and macrophage and dendritic cells. Our previous studies have shown that IFN-gamma-like immunoreactivity also appears in human adrenal cortical tumour and phaeochromocytoma. To investigate whether human t...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6603870
更新日期：2007-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This Phase Ib dose-escalating study investigated safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical antitumour activity of tosedostat (CHR-2797), an orally bioavailable aminopeptidase inhibitor, in combination with paclitaxel. METHODS:A total of 22 patient...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605917
更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is currently based on phenotypical analysis of an expanded pedigree. Diagnostic guidelines ('Amsterdam criteria') proposed by the International Collaborative Group on HNPCC are often too stringent for use with small families. There is also the possibility...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1995.508
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid can act as growth promoting factors for various cancer cell lines. Here we demonstrate that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid potently inhibits anchorage-independent growth of human pancreatic and cervical cancer cells in soft agar and delays growth of ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600186
更新日期：2002-04-08 00:00:00
