Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia causes great suffering for patients and families. Today, patients are treated with medications, but unfortunately many still have persistent symptoms and an impaired quality of life. During the last 20 years of research in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia, evidence has been found that the treatment is good for patients but it is not satisfactory enough, and more studies are being carried out hopefully to achieve further improvement. PURPOSE:Clinical trials and meta-analyses are being used to try to prove the efficacy of CBT. In this article, we summarize recent research using the cognitive model for people with schizophrenia. METHODS:A systematic search was carried out in PubMed (Medline). Relevant articles were selected if they contained a description of cognitive models for schizophrenia or psychotic disorders. RESULTS:There is now evidence that positive and negative symptoms exist in a continuum, from normality (mild form and few symptoms) to fully developed disease (intensive form with many symptoms). Delusional patients have reasoning bias such as jumping to conclusions, and those with hallucination have impaired self-monitoring and experience their own thoughts as voices. Patients with negative symptoms have negative beliefs such as low expectations regarding pleasure and success. In the entire patient group, it is common to have low self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS:The cognitive model integrates very well with the aberrant salience model. It takes into account neurobiology, cognitive, emotional and social processes. The therapist uses this knowledge when he or she chooses techniques for treatment of patients.
journal_name
Nord J Psychiatryjournal_title
Nordic journal of psychiatryauthors
Sarin F,Wallin Ldoi
10.3109/08039488.2013.789074subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-01 00:00:00pages
145-53issue
3eissn
0803-9488issn
1502-4725journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract：:The development of structured diagnostic instruments has been an important step for research in child and adolescent psychiatry, but the adequacy of a diagnostic instrument in a given culture does not guarantee its reliability or validity in another population. The objective of the study was to describe the process of...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480801984214
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies exist on the outcome of patients with personality disorders (PDs) treated at ordinary outpatient clinics. This study examines the gains of such patients 2 years after treatment start at an outpatient clinic. Three patient groups were sampled: cluster A + B PDs, cluster C PDs and axis I disorders. Fifty-eig...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480500319506
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequently encountered disorder in children and adolescents. Several characteristics make the disorder a challenge to diagnostic methods and treatment procedures including the diversity of symptoms, the delay of referral and the occurrence of comorbidity. The aim of the present...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480801984065
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness in children and adolescents. Previous evidence suggests that fluoxetine is effective in the treatment of OCD in children and adolescents. However, those studies had small sample sizes. As a result, a systematic review, which is a more powe...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1080/08039488.2020.1744037
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have focused on conduct problems and co-occurring problems among the youngest children in schools, such as social, internalizing and attention problems. In particular, there is a lack of studies that differentiate between boys and girls in terms of such problems. AIM:The aim of the current study...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08039488.2012.731432
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background and aim: Recent evidence suggests that growth factors might be involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to determine whether serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1625437
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic side-effects of atypical antipsychotics have led to concern about their relative safety compared with low doses of conventional neuroleptics. Akathisia is an often misdiagnosed side-effect, which leads to non-compliance and sometimes even exacerbation of psychosis or suicidal behaviour. In fact, little is kn...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480701226146
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was carried out to examine associations between classroom climate and pupils' mental health in primary school, and whether pupils who had emotional and behavioural problems in the second grade are more vulnerable to the effects of a poor classroom climate 4 years later. The study was carried out by means of...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480260242787
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) investigated a variety of treatments and included mostly patients victims of sexual and combat assault. This study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in occupation-based PTSD. Employees of the publ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/08039480601129408
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CRF family of neuropeptides and receptors is involved in a variety of stress responses, in the regulation of appetite, metabolic and inflammatory processes as well as intestinal movements. From a primarily psychiatric perspective, the present paper reviews the literature on its anatomy, physiology and its involvem...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/08039480801983588
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impulsivity is closely related to substance use and abuse, both as a contributor to use and as a consequence of use. Particular dimensions of temperament and character were reported to be associated with trait impulsivity in different populations. AIM:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relatio...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2013.830772
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Danish version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire - Child Version (OBQ-CV). The OBQ-CV assesses dysfunctional beliefs concerning responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism/uncertainty, and importance/control of thoughts, which according t...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2018.1513068
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Both obesity and smoking are common in schizophrenia patients taking clozapine, causing cardiovascular disease and premature deaths. METHODS:Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses treated with clozapine completed the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Assessment Scale (L...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2014.907340
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the association between cognitive performance and major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents seeking outpatient treatment. We used several tests comparing cognitive capacities between 16 adolescents with MDD and 25 adolescents not diagnosed as suffering from psychiatric illness according to the Str...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/080394802317607165
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: An abnormal interaction between cognition and emotion may contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate theory of mind and emotion regulation skills in adolescents diagnosed with OCD. In addition, the results were evaluated in accordance wit...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1652341
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It appears that the female reproductive events and hormonal treatments may impact the course of bipolar disorder in women. In particular, childbirth is known to be associated with onset of affective episodes in women with bipolar disorder. During the female reproductive events the sex hormones, e.g. estrogen...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08039488.2013.775341
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purpose: This study examined a developmental model that links affect-regulation difficulties in childhood with three dimensions of alexithymia in adolescence (difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking) and substance use and depression in adulthood, while accounti...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1634758
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This is a pilot study assessing the impact of polymorphisms of serotonin transporter (5-HTT; 5-HTTLPR (S/L)) and norepinephrine transporter (NET; rs2242446 (T/C)) genes on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) response in Korean panic disorde...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2015.1089321
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antipsychotics have been the mainstay of the treatment of schizophrenia, and their potential role in neuroprotection could be related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). So far different effects on both serum and plasma levels of BDNF were reported related to the various antipsychotic treatments. Aim of this ...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2017.1340518
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The information on whether long-term psychotherapy is superior in comparison with short-term therapies during a long time-perspective in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorder is incomplete. AIMS:The present study addresses this question in a clinical trial with an exceptionally long follow-up. METHODS...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.3109/08039488.2012.680910
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are differences across ethno-cultural groups in the degree of somatization among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Studies showed that the attribution style of somatic symptoms is an important predictor of health outcome in depressed patients. AIMS:The aims of this study were to investiga...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2014.950328
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The reports regarding the status of the immune system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy (CFS/ME) have been inconclusive. We approached this question by comparing a strictly defined group of CFS/ME outpatients to healthy control individuals, and thereafter studied cytokines in subg...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2018.1493747
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is accompanied by many psychiatric disorders and continues to be a disease that disturbs the functioning and quality of life (QOL) of patients. AIMS:To assess the frequency of psychiatric disorders occurring in epileptic patients, determine depression and anxiety levels, and compare the results wit...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08039488.2011.565798
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to compare the screening properties of two General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) versions and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), and to evaluate them as psychiatric screening instruments in Finland. We administered the GHQ-36 and the SCL-90 to psychiatric outpatients (n=207) and to a community sampl...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480310001418
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) is a semi-structured interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and assesses past and present symptoms in children aged 6-18 years old. It has been translated into more tha...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2020.1733660
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Neurocognitive outcomes are frequently used as indicators of real-world functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). These test results may be influenced by individual differences, such as affective dispositions. Here we investigate the relationship between positive and negative affect and neuropsycho...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2020.1862294
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective: Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder, phenotypically characterized by heightened autonomic nervous system arousal which is accompanied by a high magnitude of emotional reactivity to repetitive and pattern-based auditory stimuli. This study identifies the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in misophon...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1609086
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Hoarding is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and OCD with hoarding may have poorer prognostic features than OCD without hoarding. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between multifaceted impulsivity and hoarding symptoms in individuals with OCD. This relationship is importa...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2020.1838605
更新日期：2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: As a result of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric treatment and care, many people with severe mental illness have been offered supported accommodation. However, research on this costly intervention in Norway has been scarce. Aims: The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the clinical and d...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039488.2019.1606938
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate internal as well as external validity of the two most frequently used mania scales, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (MAS), in patients with DSM-IV mania. Mokken analysis was used to evaluate internal validity in which a coefficient of homogen...
journal_title：Nordic journal of psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08039480600601282
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
