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A developmental window into trade-offs in executive function: the case of task switching versus response inhibition in 6-year-olds.

Abstract：

:Good executive function has been linked to many positive outcomes in academic performance, health, and social competence. However, some aspects of executive function may interfere with other cognitive processes. Childhood provides a unique test case for investigating such cognitive trade-offs, given the dramatic failures and developments observed during this period. For example, most children categorically switch or perseverate when asked to switch between rules on a card-sorting task. To test potential trade-offs with the development of task switching abilities, we compared 6-year-olds who switched versus perseverated in a card-sorting task on two aspects of inhibitory control: response inhibition (via a stop signal task) and interference control (via a Simon task). Across two studies, switchers showed worse response inhibition than perseverators, consistent with the idea of cognitive trade-offs; however, switchers showed better interference control than perseverators, consistent with prior work documenting benefits associated with the development of executive function. This pattern of positive and negative associations may reflect aspects of working memory (active maintenance of current goals, and clearing of prior goals) that help children focus on a single task goal but hurt in situations with conflicting goals. Implications for understanding components of executive function and their relationships across development are discussed.

journal_name

Neuropsychologia

journal_title

Neuropsychologia

authors

Blackwell KA,Chatham CH,Wiseheart M,Munakata Y

doi

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.016

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

356-64

eissn

0028-3932

issn

1873-3514

pii

S0028-3932(14)00138-9

journal_volume

62

pub_type

杂志文章

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