Abstract:
:G-estimation is a flexible, semiparametric approach for estimating exposure effects in epidemiologic studies. It has several underappreciated advantages over other propensity score-based methods popular in epidemiology, which we review in this article. However, it is rarely used in practice, due to a lack of off-the-shelf software. To rectify this, we show a simple trick for obtaining G-estimators of causal risk ratios using existing generalized estimating equations software. We extend the procedure to more complex settings with time-varying confounders.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Dukes O,Vansteelandt Sdoi
10.1093/aje/kwx347subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-01 00:00:00pages
1079-1084issue
5eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
4930819journal_volume
187pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This study's objective was to investigate healthy aging in older French adults 5 years after a period of daily nutritional-dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients. The study was based on the double-blind, randomized trial, Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) Study (1994-2002) and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv105
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the association between male occupational exposures and infertility. A retrospective case-control study was performed using data collected between 1991 and 1997 at nine US clinical sites as part of a previously conducted large multicenter trial. Cases were defined as infertil...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi269
更新日期:2005-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of strong assumptions (e.g., exchangeability), only bounds for causal effects can be identified. Here we describe bounds for the risk difference for an effect of a binary exposure on a binary outcome in 4 common study settings: observational studies and randomized studies, each with and without simple r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz060
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second malignancies in women diagnosed with thyroid cancer are of concern given the young average age at diagnosis and excellent survival. Data from the California Cancer Registry were used to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers among a retrospective population-based cohort of 10,932 women diagnosed with papil...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj072
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sizes at birth of parents and their children are known to be correlated, reflecting in part the influence of fetal and maternal genes. Sociodemographic factors, regarded as aspects of the shared environment across generations, would also be expected to contribute, but evidence is limited. In the present study, the aut...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr032
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper, a strong prooxidant, may play a role in atherogenesis. The author examined the association between serum copper concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-1992). Serum copper concentration was determined using atomic...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010168
更新日期:2000-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the prevalence of congenital malformations among births in Benton and Franklin counties, in southeastern Washington State, from 1968 through 1980. The Hanford Site is in this area and serves as a major employer. In addition, various agriculturally and chemically related activities are in the area....
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114800
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study investigated the prevalence of antibodies to five leading agents of childhood respiratory disease in the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico. Tests of sera from a random sample of children between 3 months and 18 years of age confirmed serologically the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial (RS...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112113
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature concerning social capital and health has grown exponentially during the past somewhat more than 10 years. The study by Kouvonen et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1143-1151) is a longitudinal multilevel analysis of 33,577 public sector employees in Finland. The study shows a significant association between...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn070
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have investigated associations between offspring size at birth and parental cardiovascular disease mortality among 12,086 mothers and 6,936 fathers of participants in the British 1958 birth cohort. Birth weight was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in both mothers a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm054
更新日期:2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prior reports regarding the association between physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease have not been consistent. The authors assessed physical activity and walking pace via questionnaire among 6,482 US adults aged 45-84 years without prior clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the Multi-Et...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn350
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The association between toenail selenium and breast cancer was studied in a prospective study on diet and cancer among 62,573 Dutch women aged 55-69 years that started in September 1986. The analysis was based on 355 breast cancer cases, detected during 3.3 years of follow-up (1986-1989), for whom selenium data were a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117155
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron may have actions similar to those of HRT; however, no previous study has reported the associations between dietary boron intake and lung cancer risk or the joint effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer risk. The authors examined th...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn021
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the relation between age at first vaginal intercourse and a positive nucleic acid amplification test for sexually transmitted infection (STI). A nationally representative sample of 9,844 respondents aged 18-26 years was tested for chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis in wave 3 (2001...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi095
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::What is the influence of various methods of handling missing data (complete case analyses, single imputation within and over trials, and multiple imputations within and over trials) on the subgroup effects of individual patient data meta-analyses? An empirical data set was used to compare these five methods regarding ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm341
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, a case-control study of congenital heart defects in liveborn infants conducted in 1981--1989, interviewed parents about a wide range of environmental exposures that occurred during and before the pregnancy. In the period 1987--1989, the questionnaire was expanded to include a det...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.6.529
更新日期:2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::During the summer of 1975 an ongoing outbreak of conjunctivitis occurred among Vietnamese refugees temporarily housed at a U.S. mainland camp. Twenty-two per cent of surveyed refugees gave a history of the disease and 10% were documented as having clinical conjunctivitis at the time of the survey. Fifty-six per cent o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112482
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with functional decline and improvement in a community-dwelling population of people aged 75 years and older. A representative sample of elderly people living at home in the city of Sherbrooke (Quebec, Canada) was assessed yearly on three occasions (199...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010039
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An episode is described in which tissue culture in a laboratory could have become intoxicated due to the recirculation of toxic exhaust fumes extruded from the roof of a research institution. A route of entry was found whereby a portion of fume hood exhaust was reintroduced into the building by means of large intake f...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113094
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pooled analyses may provide etiologic insight about associations between exposure and disease. In contrast to childhood leukemia, no pooled analyses of childhood brain tumors and exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) have been conducted. The authors carried out a pooled analysis based on primar...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq181
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalent biologic specimens can be used to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using a two-stage immunologic testing algorithm that hinges on the average time, T, between testing HIV-positive on highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays and testing HIV-positive on less sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Comm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj344
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clustering of premature mortality was investigated in 1,761 insulin-dependent diabetics and their family members from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry from 1950-1981. At follow-up, 5% of the mothers and 13% of the fathers were deceased. Life table analyses revealed...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115187
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps is a potentially severe viral infection. The incidence of mumps has declined dramatically in high-income countries since the introduction of mumps antigen-containing vaccines. However, recent large outbreaks of mumps in highly vaccinated populations suggest waning of vaccine-induced immunity and primary vaccine ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu014
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted descriptive and case-control studies to find factors associated with earthquake deaths due to the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on January 17, 1995, in Nishinomiya, Japan. In the case-control study, cases included all 1,104 deaths. Controls were randomly selected from survivors. Earthquake morta...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.2.153
更新日期:2001-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sibling and twin study designs provide control for confounding factors that are typically unmeasured in traditional cohort studies. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health collected at 3 visits during 1994-2002, the authors evaluated the longitudinal association b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq169
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiology of melanoma in populations of African-European descent has rarely been reported. The authors studied melanoma in the French West Indies (Martinique), where black Caribbeans and whites represented 96% and 4% of the population, respectively. Among the 85 cases of melanoma collected from 1976 to 1995, bl...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009368
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be questioned concerning risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection and that those giving positive responses be serotested. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of those recommended questions among 692 parturient women ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114680
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prenatal course, labor and delivery of 90 mothers of infants who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Connecticut from 1974 through 1976 were studied by hospital chart reviews. Charts of 90 pair-matched controls whose infants survived the first year of life were also examined. Significant associations we...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112897
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of adult health risks from exposures that occurred in childhood may require case-control studies in which subjects who are now adults are asked to provide information that might be more accurately provided by their parents. The quality of parental smoking and drinking histories provided by adult offspring w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114453
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in geographic information systems software and multilevel methodology provide opportunities for more extensive characterization of "at-risk" populations in epidemiologic studies. The authors used age-restricted, geocoded data from the all-African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 2000-2004, to demons...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq317
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00