Abstract：
:Recent advances in geographic information systems software and multilevel methodology provide opportunities for more extensive characterization of "at-risk" populations in epidemiologic studies. The authors used age-restricted, geocoded data from the all-African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 2000-2004, to demonstrate a novel use of the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to determine the representativeness of the JHS cohort to the African-American population in a geographic setting. The authors also used a spatial binomial model to assess the geographic variability in participant recruitment across the Jackson, Mississippi, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The overall Gini coefficient, an equality measure that ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), was 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 0.45), indicating moderate representation. The population of sampled women (Gini coefficient = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.39) tended to be more representative of the underlying population than did the population of sampled men (Gini coefficient = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.61). Representative recruitment of JHS participants was observed in predominantly African-American and mixed-race census tracts and in the center of the study area, the area nearest the examination clinic. This is of critical importance as the authors continue to explore novel approaches to investigate the geographic variation in disease etiology.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Hickson DA,Waller LA,Gebreab SY,Wyatt SB,Kelly J,Antoine-Lavigne D,Sarpong DFdoi
10.1093/aje/kwq317subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
110-7issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwq317journal_volume
173pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:When researching racial disparities in health, residential segregation cannot be ignored. Because of segregation, contextual differences by race are so pronounced that ignoring them may lead to mis-estimating the effect of individual-level factors. However, given the stark racial separation of social contexts, researc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn290
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Usual and acute alcohol consumption are important risk factors for injury. Although alcohol-dependent people are thought to be at increased risk of injury, there are few reports suggesting that their risk is greater than that of nondependent alcohol users in a given episode of alcohol use. The authors conducted a case...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh073
更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers have failed to find a consistent association between childhood victimization and vulvodynia, a debilitating, unexplained vulvar pain condition. However, selection bias associated with case ascertainment, and differential reporting bias between clinic-based cases and controls, may explain in part the incons...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi108
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity (body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2)) is a growing urban health concern, but few studies have examined whether, how, or why obesity prevalence has changed over time within cities. This study characterized the individual- and neighborhood-level determinants and distribution of obesity in New York City from 2003 to 2...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp458
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccinating school-aged children against influenza can reduce age-specific and population-level illness attack rates. Using a stochastic simulation model of influenza transmission, the authors assessed strategies for vaccinating children in the United States, varying the vaccine type, coverage level, and reproductive ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp237
更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of adenocarcinoma of the facial sinuses and exposure to wood dust has been recognized for 20 years. As the tracheobronchial mucosa is similar to that lining the sinuses, a link between bronchial adenocarcinoma and wood dust exposure has been postulated. To test this hypothesis, a case-control study was co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115444
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a community-based prospective study of 380 children conducted between 1987 and 1990, the rate of diarrhea was significantly associated with percentage of CD8 T-lymphocytes and the CD4:CD8 ratio. After adjustment for age and previous diarrhea, the relative incidence of diarrhea with a duration of > or = 7 days was 2...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008660
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Mental Function Index is a weighted combination of scores on three brief tests. The Index was developed to aid in the discrimination of elderly persons with early cases of senile dementia from nondemented elderly individuals. In a previous report (Am J Epidemiol 1981;114:515-27), the authors described preliminary ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113963
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996-1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quan...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa043
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests a role for progesterone in ovarian cancer development. Progesterone exerts its effect on target cells by interacting with its receptor. Thus, genetic variations that may cause alterations in the biologic functions of the progesterone receptor can potentially contribute to individual susceptibility to...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi064
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vital statistics data for the United States for the years 1972-1978 have been analyzed for variation in frequency of suicide by month, day of the week, day of the month, and phase of the lunar cycle. Frequency of suicide showed a peak in the spring months, a lesser peak in the fall and was lowest in December. Suicide ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113608
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigaret...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114973
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gallstones and cholecystectomy may be related to digestive system cancer through inflammation, altered bile flux, and changes in metabolic hormone levels. Although gallstones are recognized causes of gallbladder cancer, associations with other cancers of the digestive system are poorly established. We used the Surveil...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt322
更新日期：2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the degree to which job and marital satisfaction and participation in leisure activities could predict concurrent and future health status relative to ethnicity, class and occupational factors, and mental health. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of a random sample of 1034 Manhattan fami...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112231
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin is an important regulator of the mass of adipose tissue and of body weight; it operates by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Some polymorphic genes involved in the regulation of leptin-the leptin gene (LEP A19G), the leptin receptor gene (LEPR Q223R, K109R, and K656N), and the peroxisom...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi174
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:When analyzing and interpreting data from an epidemiologic study where ordinal (ordered categorical) outcomes have been measured in different exposure groups, an effect parameter of interest is the common odds ratio implied by the proportional odds model. This model can sometimes be applied to a collapsed outcome vari...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008944
更新日期：1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:As a scientific discipline, epidemiology has helped liberate the practice of public health and medicine from dogmatic thinking over the past century. This commentary highlights some integrating principles to explain why epidemiology is a problem-solving discipline. The first of these is that epidemiology is an informa...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn311
更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron may have actions similar to those of HRT; however, no previous study has reported the associations between dietary boron intake and lung cancer risk or the joint effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer risk. The authors examined th...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn021
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoking is irrefutably the strongest risk factor for lung cancer; however, approximately 25% of cases worldwide occur among nonsmokers. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of lung cancer in Shanghai, a region where relatively few women smoke cigarettes, is one of the highest in the world. To help further ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn257
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In public health, it has long been observed that "place"-specifically, where one lives-affects individual health, with the main research question distinguishing between the effects of "context" (defined as area characteristics) and "composition" (the characteristics of inhabitants) on health outcomes. There have been ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx085
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental and prevalent case-control studies suggest an association between biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and adiposity and cancer risk, but results from prospective studies have been limited. The authors' objective was to prospectively examine the relations between these biomarkers and cancer r...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/aje/kws359
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prevalence study was designed to evaluate host and seasonal risk factors associated with three systemic mycoses in dogs: blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis. Histoplasmosis was the most commonly diagnosed of the three diseases. All three of the mycoses occurred more frequently in male than female d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113077
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 8,006 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii who were followed from 1966 to 1983 for incident cardiovascular disease, 1,381 died and 290 had a protocol autopsy which included determination of the extent of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and aorta. More than 50 biologic, lifestyle, and dietary character...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/126.2.214
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of indirect standardization in the assessment of the fertility of occupationally exposed workers is briefly reviewed and critiqued. The calculation of expected births in the method of Levine et al. (J Occup Med 1980;22:781-91) is modified to eliminate negative bias. An example is given using data from a 1977 s...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113707
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During 1979, an outbreak of mixed enterovirus infections occurred in Kansas City and adjacent communities. Sixty-six enteroviruses and 7 adenoviruses were recovered from 73 persons in a survey hospital population. Twenty-eight persons yielded echovirus type 11, 22, echovirus type 6, and 16 either echovirus type 9 or C...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113204
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper illustrates how a microcomputer spreadsheet package can be used by epidemiologists to facilitate the computation of multiple logistic regression (MLR) probabilities, as well as odds ratios and associated confidence intervals, given the coefficients of the MLR model. By formatting a spreadsheet, data entry i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114150
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analgesic use may reduce ovarian cancer risk, possibly through antiinflammatory or antigonadotropic effects. The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study in Washington State that included 812 women aged 35-74 years who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2005 and 1,313 contro...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn082
更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several design options available in the planning stage of case-control studies are examined. Topics covered include matching, control/case ratio, choice of nested case-control or case-cohort design, two-stage sampling, and other methods that can be used for control selection. The effect of potential problems in obtain...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116398
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship of lead exposure to blood pressure has been examined in a longitudinal study of a cohort of 89 Boston, Massachusetts, policemen. At the baseline examination, subjects had a blood lead determination and three consecutive blood pressure measurements. Triplicate blood pressure measurements were also take...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114309
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible relation between the occurrence of brain tumors in children and exposure to electric blankets or electrically heated water beds was investigated in a multicenter, population-based case-control study conducted on the West Coast of the United States. Information on maternal exposure during pregnancy or dire...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008688
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
