Abstract:
:M. Tuberculosis (MTB) is an obligate human parasite even though humans are more resistant than any of the animals used for study. It is a human parasite because only humans develop post primary tuberculosis (TB) in their lungs that mediates transmission of infection to new hosts. The extreme paucity of human lung tissue with post primary TB has forced scientists to study animal models and human tissues that do not have the disease. Consequently, the unique features of post primary TB remain largely unknown and misconceptions are widely accepted. This manuscript presents a revised pathogenesis of post primary TB based on studies of lung tissues of thousands of patients by multiple authors and related literature. Primary TB stimulates systemic immunity that kills organisms and heals granulomas resulting in both protection from disseminated TB and resistance to new infection. Post primary TB, in contrast, requires systemic immunity that it subverts to produce local susceptibility in the apex of the lung. It begins in the part of lung with the lowest ventilation, perfusion and movement and then proceeds to paralyze alveolar macrophages, block the exits and suppress inflammation to further isolate the area with post obstructive pneumonia. This provides a safe place for a small number of MTB to drive prolonged accumulation of host lipids and mycobacterial antigens in an otherwise immune person. After many months, the affected lung suddenly undergoes caseation necrosis with vanishingly few MTB. The necrotic tissue fragments to produce a cavity or hardens to develop fibrocaseous disease. Evidence suggests that this is triggered by a hypersensitivity reaction against cord factor and then progresses as the Koch phenomenon against many antigens. MTB grow in perfusion only in dead tissue or on a cavity wall. We anticipate that a more accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of post primary TB will facilitate focusing modern technologies to produce rapid advances in understanding and combating TB.
journal_name
Ann Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Annals of clinical and laboratory scienceauthors
Hunter RL,Actor JK,Hwang SA,Karev V,Jagannath Csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
365-87issue
4eissn
0091-7370issn
1550-8080pii
44/4/365journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::While there is no single best procedure for performing prenatal diagnosis, ther is a rationale or strategy which will produce correct, reliable results. The investigator should be experienced with all the tests and know what to expect from each. At least two of these tests should e used (more if there s ambiguity) on ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, estradiol, and transcortin binding capacity (TBC) were measured in plasma samples of women during normal pregnancy. Between 10 weeks and 20 weeks gestation, the mean of TBC increased linearly, and the mean increase in TBC for a given estradiol increment was constant until ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The term "vitamin D" refers to two chemical compounds - ergosterol, or vitamin D2, and cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3. Active vitamin D3 is correctly regarded as a neurohormone due to its pleiotropic biological activities. Although the relation between vitamin D and calcium-phosphorus metabolism has never been discuss...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::To investigate the relationships of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), anthropometric variables, and lipid parameters, we measured serum TRAIL concentrations, body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), and serum lipid profiles in 207 healthy adults. There were no significant diffe...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Widespread drug abuse, a comparatively recent medicosocial phenomenon, presents protean clinical patterns and challenging diagnostic problems daily that mimic classical medical syndromes. However, few reports have delineated predominantly neurologic syndromes associated with drug abuse. Five patients were observed ill...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is highly prevalent in pre-term neonates (PTN) and has been recognized as a neonatal co-morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine if levels of brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP), a peptide secreted by ventricular myocytes in response to volume or pressure overload, c...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various fungal products, such as gliotoxin (GT), have immunomodulating activity, a fact exploited previously by our group for prevention of autoimmune diabetes mellitus in BB/Wor rats. To understand better the immunologic effects in GT-treated rats, splenocytes from 65-day-old prediabetic diabetes-prone rats were phen...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
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更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human amniotic-derived cells (hAMCs) have recently raised interest for their differentiation capability and immunomodulatory properties. To assess the feasibility of hAMCs therapeutic treatment during fetal development, we explored the localization of cells derived from the human amniotic membrane in rat organs after ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation was conducted to determine whether or not plasma galactosyl ceramides were elevated in patients with stroke and multiple sclerosis, and to determine glycosyl ceramide concentrations in older, normal subjects. It was hypothesized that central nervous system destruction, like that which occurs in stro...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is widely accepted that patients with immune thrombocytopenia produce platelet antibodies, the demonstration of such antibodies has been difficult and time consuming. A simple and quick enzyme linked immunoassay for platelet antibodies is presented. The platelet associated IgG is coupled with alkaline phos...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron accumulation, especially that of free oxidized ferrous iron, has been shown to induce tissue oxidative damage and contribute to brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disease. Here we examine whether sex and advanced age affect the expression of iron-related molecules that participate in regulating ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four commercial assays for the screening of cannabinoids in urine were compared. Urine specimens from 93 selected subjects were run by fluorescence polarization immunoassay on the Abbott TDx; by enzyme multiplied immunoassay with two Syva EMIT assays; and by thin-layer chromatography with the TOXI-LAB system (Marion L...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural studies with the transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopes have added greatly to our knowledge of cellular structure and function in the liver. The normal polyhedral hepatocyte has numerous subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes and complex rough (rer) and...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a newer test of platelet function, Sonoclot coagulation analysis, can identify the patients who develop significant prolongation of bleeding time after aspirin ingestion. Template bleeding time, platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid, collagen, ep...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 信件
doi:
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purposes of this work are to: review the biological activities of Interleukin-2 (IL-2); evaluate the reported therapeutic benefits and toxicity of IL-2/lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells; and project the role of IL-2/LAK cells in cancer therapy. Interleukin-2 is a glycoprotein lymphokine (mw 15,000) produced ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lidocaine, quinidine, and theophylline binding to normal pooled mature human milk was determined using equilibrium dialysis at 4 degrees C. Binding to milk was compared with binding to pooled human serum. The observed binding was related to the relative lipid solubility of each drug in milk. The potential for the excr...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of extranodal diffuse large Bcell lymphoma with only a few more than 300 cases reported. It is characterized as lymphoma cells confined to the lumina of small vessels, so patients usually do not present with masses or lymphadenopathy. Clinical presentation...
journal_title:Annals of clinical and laboratory science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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