Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To demonstrate analytic approaches for matched studies where two controls are linked to each case and events are accumulating counts rather than binary outcomes. A secondary intent is to clarify the distinction between total risk and excess risk (unmatched vs. matched perspectives). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We review past research testing whether elections can lead to increased traffic risks. The results are reinterpreted by analyzing both the total count of individuals in fatal crashes and the excess count of individuals in fatal crashes, each time accounting for the matched double controls. RESULTS:Overall, 1,546 individuals were in fatal crashes on the 10 election days (average = 155/d), and 2,593 individuals were in fatal crashes on the 20 control days (average = 130/d). Poisson regression of total counts yielded a relative risk of 1.19 (95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.27). Poisson regression of excess counts yielded a relative risk of 3.22 (95% confidence interval: 2.72-3.80). The discrepancy between analyses of total counts and excess counts replicated with alternative statistical models and was visualized in graphical displays. CONCLUSION:Available approaches provide methods for analyzing count data in matched designs with double controls and help clarify the distinction between increases in total risk and increases in excess risk.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Redelmeier DA,Tibshirani RJdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
117-122eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(17)30620-0journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To have the "power" of avoiding undersized clinical trials, the customary statistical strategy used in the past few decades is aimed at rejecting both a null stochastic hypothesis and a contradictory alternative hypothesis. This approach gives a trial the "power" to confirm the "insignificance" of differences much sma...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00029-8
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key component in the evaluation of efficacy of a vaccine to protect against disease caused by an antigenically diverse infectious pathogen in a preventative vaccine trial is assessing how vaccine-induced protection depends on genotypic and phenotypic variations of the exposing pathogen. This assessment is made by co...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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abstract::Angina pectoris (AP) as determined by the Rose questionnaire was assessed in nearly 16,000 black and white men and women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in communities Study, a population study of cardiovascular disease in four communities. The questionnaire was administered at yearly intervals and estimates...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess agreement between parents' proxy reports of children's respiratory-related health service use and administrative data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective analysis of statistical agreement between clinical and claims data for reports of physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and h...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical trials increasingly use results of diagnostic tests as surrogate outcomes. Our objective was to answer the following questions: (1) is the parameter measured by the reference standard a valid surrogate? (2) How does the tests accuracy influence the estimate of the treatment benefit on...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.024
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychosocial factors influencing smoking cessation were studied in current smokers prior to quitting. Two questionnaires were sent in 1975 and 1981 to adult members of the Finnish Twin Cohort. The 1975 response rate was 89%, and 89% of those eligible replied again in 1981. Analysis was done on data from one twin pair ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90088-1
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out to develop and test the Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ), a health-related qualify of life (HRQL) questionnaire designed for the frail elderly. One hundred patients were asked to identify areas of their daily lives affected by their health. The GQLQ, developed on the basis of t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.033
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.007
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.024
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports the use of psychotropic drugs and pregnancy outcome in a prospective survey carried out in northern Finland in 1985-1986, consisting of 7933 pregnant women and their 8030 births. Of the mothers, 120 (1.5%) used psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and of them 26 (0.3% of the total) used these drugs b...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00203-x
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90033-l
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of health care use by inner-city patients with asthma and to identify patients at risk for hospitalization. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1788 patients with asthma aged 5 to 34 years from a large hospital-based multi-specialty practice in inner-city Ind...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00333-2
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.006
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.08.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but little information is available regarding recent secular trends for PE. This study determined trends for PE in adults ages 30 to 84 years in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 1980 to 1995. The age-adjusted mortality rate for PE decre...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00147-x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an imprecise, inappropriate monitor of atherosclerosis severity and by inapplicable extrapolation CHD risk factors are incorrectly assumed to be causes of atherosclerosis. Taking into account (1) the misuse and substantial diagnostic error of CHD, (2) errors in determining the prevalenc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00447-x
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90075-k
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim was to assess relationships between increased aerobic fitness sustained over 4 years, and changes in blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and lipids. Measurements were made of BP, lipids, weight, and fitness in 1000 middle-aged men and women entering a fitness programme, and were repeated 2 and 4 years later. The 342 ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90052-3
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00387-0
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although case-crossover analyses have lately emerged as an alternative to case-control analyses in epidemiological studies, it is not yet known in which situations they give reliable conclusions. In this work, the case-crossover and the case-control designs were first compared on the basis of a dataset from a publishe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.023
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00