Abstract：
:Time-related aspects of health have attracted increasing interest, and it has become evident that many medical situations concern the exchange of present-day costs for future benefits. Traditional decision analytic paradigms weigh the probability of outcomes and the value of outcomes. Such analyses are incomplete if they do not consider the time of the outcome as well. The concept of diminishing value over time is positive discounting. Time discounting processes and effects have a potentially large impact on clinical decision making. Therefore, characteristics of discounting should be taken into consideration. Discounting processes are variable with individuals and also within different contexts such as gains and losses. No single model can be expected to describe time-related decisions within health. A more diversified use and critical appraisal of these concepts in medicine become more important as we attempt to refine decision models. A summary of valuation factors in medical decision making is presented: (a) long-term decisions are very sensitive to discount rates; (b) discount rates are greater for gains than for losses; (c) discount rates vary by domain, by outcome, by individuals over time, and by level of certainty; (d) individual preferences may reverse themselves over time; (e) the doctor uses expected value; the patient is risk aversive; (f) over a lifetime perspective, a flat or even negative discount rate will result in choices that minimize lifetime disability.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Ortendahl M,Fries JFdoi
10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00447-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
843-8issue
9eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S089543560200447Xjournal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We investigated asthma morbidity in children and adults among Registered Indians in Saskatchewan using hospitalization data for 1970-1989. In Registered Indians, significant increases were observed in the asthma hospitalization rates from 1979 to 1989 in boys and girls under 4 years, boys aged 5-14 years, and female a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00019-z
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Reference limits are widely used in anthropometry, the behavioral sciences, medicine, and clinical chemistry. They describe the distribution of a quantitative variable in a healthy population, and are often a smooth function of age or another determinant. Thus, instead of estimating reference l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.09.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of our study was to assess the applicability of using estimates of within-person variance (WPV) from reproducibility studies for a correction of blood pressure values in another study to improve the accuracy of the prevalence estimation of hypertension. Data were collected from two cross-sectional popula...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00228-6
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the discriminative properties of the methods for diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) in unselected patients. The study design was a systematic review of evaluation studies identified by using Medline, by searching reference lists, by hand searches, and by contacting inv...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00213-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To address methodologic issues in searching for observational studies by presenting database search methods and results. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Results of two literature searches for publications reporting on observational studies of alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer and large bowel cancer ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the determinants and the effect of misclassification in a questionnaire survey of varicose veins. A random sample of 166 individuals aged 50 years in a larger prevalence study (n = 6874) was examined by a surgeon to validate the self-reporting of varicose veins. Varicose veins...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00012-s
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), mean annual per capita alcohol consumption and primary liver cancer (PLC) death rates were explored in 30 countries. HBsAg prevalence was associated, significantly, with the logarithm of the primary liver cancer death rate (simple correla...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90165-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent or reduce publication and related biases. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched multiple databases and performed manual searches using terms related to publication bias and known interventions against publication bias. We dually reviewed cit...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS:The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Independently, a Delphi group of ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.008
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cases and controls should be chosen from the same base population to reduce selection bias in case-control studies. For hospital cases, we examined how inferences drawn from a case-control study can differ by choice of hospital- vs. community-based controls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We used data from a case...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.006
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In 1981, toxic oil syndrome (TOS) appeared in Spain, affecting more than 20,000 persons and causing over 2500 deaths to date. Previous studies have addressed mortality only by gender and age. We analyzed possible prognostic factors in the survival of the cohort. METHODS:The study period was 1 ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00119-7
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Altogether, 3365 men and 3266 women who attended two cardiovascular screenings in 1974-1975 and 1977-1978, have been followed with respect to death for an average of 15 years. The mortality from coronary heart disease was lower in men who reported being of Lappish origin than in men who reported Norse origin at both s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00021-8
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:N-of-1 trials can be aggregated to estimate population treatment effects using hierarchical Bayesian models. It is very important to report core items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis. In this study, we assessed reporting of items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis for aggregating N-of-1 trials to estimate p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.023
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reports on the development and validation of the Italian SF-36 Health Survey using data from seven studies in which an Italian version of the SF-36 was administered to more than 7000 subjects between 1991 and 1995. Empirical findings from a wide array of studies and diseases indicate that the performance ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00094-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health screening is defined as the use of a test or a series of tests to detect unrecognized health risks or preclinical disease in apparently healthy populations to permit prevention and timely intervention. A health screening strategy consists of the sequence of a screening test, confirmatory test(s), and finally, t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.009
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.016
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1984, a prospective cohort study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) was initiated to investigate life-style and other factors that influence, favorably and unfavorably, the evolution of coronary heart disease risk factors during young adulthood. After a year of planning and protocol developm...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90080-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine which simple index of overweight and obesity is the best discriminator of cardiovascular risk factors. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This is a meta-analysis of published literature. MEDLINE was searched. Studies that used receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and published area unde...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective study on the effects of occupational and individual factors on neck trouble was carried out among 1832 men representing static work with whole-body vibration (machine operators), dynamic physical work (construction carpenters) and sedentary work (office workers). Neck trouble and occupational and individ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90085-x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00373-5
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remaining questions relative to the measurement of health-state preferences are outlined and applications discussed. We recommend more widespread use of functional measurement to better understand preference structures. Further research should be conducted on the reliability and validity of preference values produced ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90011-5
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.003
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop a scale and survey the measurement of patient adherence and patient recruitment, and to explore how these methods impact the results in randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve patient adherence to medications. STUDY DESIGN:Analytic survey of a purposively selected sample of patie...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.008
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A new strategy to manage conflicts of interests (COIs) of a clinical guideline's panelists gives primary responsibility to a methodologist, puts equal emphasis on intellectual and financial COIs, and excludes panelists with primary conflicts from drafting or voting on recommendations. We explored the views of...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.12.013
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To simulate possible changes in systematic review results if rapid review methods were used. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We recalculated meta-analyses for binary primary outcomes in Cochrane systematic reviews, simulating rapid review methods. We simulated searching only PubMed, excluding older articles (5, 7, ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.015
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluating the incremental cost-effectiveness of a technology is critical to understanding the impact of its adoption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using a particular example, how the specific alternatives selected for a cost-effectiveness analysis may influence the results of the analysis. In this examp...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00021-9
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Emergency department triage systems can be considered prediction rules with an ordinal outcome, where different directions of misclassification have different clinical consequences. We evaluated strategies to compare the performance of triage systems and aimed to propose a set of performance measures that sh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.11.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basic objective of this paper is to evaluate an age-comorbidity index in a cohort of patients who were originally enrolled in a prospective study to identify risk factors for peri-operative complications. Two-hundred and twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. The participants were patients with hypertensi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With advances made in the treatment of people with HIV/AIDS, there is an increasing number of persons who are reaching old age. This is a heterogeneous group. Yet, all of these diverse patients share in common the challenge of aging successfully despite their condition. There is little room in most gerontological conc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00447-4
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pragmatic trials aim to inform clinical decision making by measuring the effect of a treatment in clinical practice. The purpose of the PRECIS-2 tool is to support in designing a truly pragmatic trial. We comment on a study by Forbes et al., who assessed the applicability of the PRECIS-2 tool. The tool will prove part...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.006
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
