Abstract：
:The esters of the general structure, [CH(SH)COOR]2, i.e., Di-BDMS, R = CH2CH(CH3)2; Ds-BDMS, R = CH(CH3)CH2CH3; Di-ADMS, R = CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; and D3-ADMS, R = CH(CH2CH3)2 from the reaction of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with isobutyl, sec-butyl, isoamyl, and 3-amyl alcohols, respectively, have been prepared, characterized, and examined as chelating agents for the removal of cadmium from its aged intracellular deposits. All of these compounds depleted cadmium from such deposits and significantly reduced the whole body levels of cadmium. In the case of three (Ds-BDMS, Di-BDMS, and Di-ADMS) of these compounds, the reductions achieved are equal to or greater than that produced by 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) under similar circumstances. None of these compounds caused any redistribution of cadmium to the brain, and two of them (Di-BDMS and Di-ADMS) caused a very much larger reduction in the liver levels of cadmium than BAL. None was as effective as BAL in reducing kidney levels of cadmium. These compounds are not soluble in water and are administered as solutions in peanut oil. A comparison of the behavior of these compounds with others which have been reported to be effective in reducing body burdens of cadmium in chronic cadmium intoxication reveals that they are among the most effective. An analysis of the manner in which mobilizing efficacy changes with structure indicates that higher, purely alkyl analogs are not expected to be superior to these compounds, though other structural variations may be.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Singh PK,Jones MM,Gale GR,Atkins LM,Smith ABdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(89)90262-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
572-9issue
3eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:WHO has highlighted the need to evaluate dermal toxicity of mycotoxins including Patulin (PAT), detected in several fruits. In this study the skin carcinogenic potential of topically applied PAT was investigated. Single topical application of PAT (400 nmol) showed enhanced cell proliferation (~2 fold), along with incr...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.012
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which is currently receiving considerable attention as a treatment for jet lag, a treatment for insomnia and, by some, a possible "magic bullet" for delaying the effects of aging and preventing cancer. Production of melatonin is focused primarily in the pineal gland with very wide...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8247
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amphetamine has been shown previously to increase levels of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70i) in mouse liver. In the present study, the hepatic concentrations of a variety of hsps in livers of mice pretreated with amphetamine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated, and the time course of hsp induction was exam...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8290
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat a variety of malignancies; however, its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites and the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disease...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.012
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of Type 1 diabetes on the toxicity of thioacetamide was investigated in a murine model. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL6 mice a LD90 dose of thioacetamide (1000 mg/kg, ip in saline) caused only 10% mortality. Alanine aminotransferase activity revealed approximately 2.7-fold less liver injury in the...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0041-008x(02)00037-6
更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, Gray and Ostby (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 133, 285-294, 1995) reported that in utero and lactational TCDD exposure causes striking abnormalities in the rat female reproductive system, including reduced fecundity and vaginal threads. The mechanism by which TCDD induces such abnormalities is unknown. Thus, we ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8295
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Learning and memory deficits are obvious symptoms that develop over time in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is directly associated with β-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications, including cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated the protective and m...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.114954
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary mechanisms proposed for acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis should deplete protein thiols, either by covalent binding and thioether formation or by oxidative reactions such as S-thiolations. However, in previous studies we did not detect significant losses of protein thiol contents in response to admini...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8228
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sibutramine is an inhibitor of norepinephrine and 5-HT reuptake largely used in the management of obesity. Although a fairly safe drug, postmarketing adverse effects of sibutramine were reported including abnormal ejaculation in men. This study investigates the effects of sibutramine on ejaculation and vas deferens an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.021
更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies report that cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induces oxidative stress is associated with male reproductive damage in the testes. CdCl2 also induces mitochondrial fission by increasing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression as well as the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway by extracellular signal-regula...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.114797
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental model of endotoxin-induced release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) into the serum of C57BL/6J mice congenic at the Ah locus was used to investigate the effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on TNF production. TCDD exposure of Ah-responsive mice (Ahbb) resulted in a dose-dependent i...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(91)90247-c
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work evaluates the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antimutagenic effects of Phyllanthus orbicularis (plant of genus Phyllantus) aqueous extract in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. P. orbicularis aqueous extracts are used in Cuban traditional medicine for their antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus and A...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8814
更新日期：1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays crucial roles in central cardiovascular regulation. Increasing evidence in humans and rodents shows that vitamin D intake is important for achieving optimal cardiovascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether calcitriol, an active form of v...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.114950
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of erythropoiesis on cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT)2 levels in spleen, a major erythropoietic tissue, was examined following sc injection of 109CdCl2 into mice. As the concentration of Cd in plasma decreased following injection of 109CdCl2 into control mice, the levels in spleen and liver increased rapidl...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1189
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the mechanisms responsible for chemically induced oxidative stress are under intense investigation, little is known about the effects of prooxidant chemicals on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. We examined the effects of diquat (0.1 mmol/kg, ip) and ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w, diet), chemicals which...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1171
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly invasive and have a higher rate of distant metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in EGF/EGFR-mediated malignant progression and metastasis of TNBCs. Various studies have revealed that treatment with gallic acid down-regulates MMP-9 express...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.007
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol induces cumulative liver damage including steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the global intrahepatic gene expression profile in the mouse liver treated with ethanol. A single oral dose of 0.5 or 5 g/kg ethanol was administered to male ICR mice, and liver samples w...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2007.06.018
更新日期：2007-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of the electric organ of the electric ray. Torpedo sp., the richest source of nAChR, with similar structure and pharmacology to the mammalian skeletal muscle nAChR, carries several binding sites for different ligands. Incubation of Torpedo membrane-bound nAChRs with the ago...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8201
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats received one or two consecutive daily ip injections, each 0.5 mg Pb2+/100 g body weight, and the kidneys were studied 48 or 24 hr, respectively, after the injection. Renal brush border preparations from Pb2+-treated rats exhibited significant decreases in the activity of alanine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90224-7
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to low lead concentration produces hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We analyzed the role of oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathways and MAPK in the vascular alterations induced by chronic lead exposure. Aortas from lead-treated Wistar rats (1st dose: 10 μg...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Propiconazole is a mouse hepatotumorigenic fungicide designed to inhibit CYP51, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi and is widely used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth. Metabolomic studies in mice revealed that propiconazole increased levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolites and bile acids,...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with demonstrated potency as a chemopreventive agent in animal models of carcinogenesis and in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Because tumor promotion is generally associated with exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli, it is likely that anti-inflammatory a...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2003.09.030
更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies performed in this laboratory have shown that certain benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) metabolites, such as benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP-7,8-diol) and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), were more effective in elevating intracellular Ca2+ in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (HP...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8345
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been increasingly used as an experimental tool to assess involvement of reactive oxygen species in cell signaling and is being evaluated as a preventive and therapeutic agent for cancer and pulmonary diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. However, a detaile...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8361
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative glutamate toxicity in HT22 murine hippocampal cells is a model for neuronal death by oxidative stress. We have investigated the role of proteases in HT22 cell oxidative glutamate toxicity. L-glutamate-induced toxicity was characterized by cell and nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation, yet occurred in...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.008
更新日期：2008-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a fungus commonly used for treatment of viral hepatitis and cancer in Chinese folk medicine. Extract of A. camphorate is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antihepatitis B virus and anticancer activities. In this study, we tested the in vivo effects of polysaccharides derived...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.023
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), a volatile monomer occurring in the natural environment and used in the manufacture of elastomers, is a close chemical relative of the animal carcinogen 1,3-butadiene. To obtain toxicokinetic data for inhaled isoprene, male F344 rats were exposed in groups of 30 to 14C-labeled isopre...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90044-5
更新日期：1987-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies have established a positive correlation between human mortality and increased concentration of airborne particulate matters (PM). However, the mechanisms underlying PM related human diseases, as well as the molecules and pathways mediating the cellular response to PM, are not fully understood. ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.008
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several pesticides and fungicides commonly used to control agricultural and indoor pests are highly suspected to display endocrine-disrupting effects in animals and humans. Endocrine disruption is mainly caused by the interference of chemicals at the level of steroid receptors: it is now well known that many of these ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.04.005
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress can lead to expression of inflammatory transcription factors, which are important regulatory elements in the induction of inflammatory responses. One of the transcription factors, nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) plays a significant role in the inflammation regulatory process. Inflammatory...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.021
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
