Phyllanthus orbicularis aqueous extract: cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antimutagenic effects in the CHO cell line.

abstract：:Antineoplastic drugs cause severe cytotoxicity for normal cells, especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, bleomycin (BLM) is glycopeptide antibiotic that is effective on various cancers and has either low or no myelosuppression effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of BLM on 5...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fakhrabadi HG,Rabbani-Chadegani A,Ghadam P,Amiri S

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) are known to cause imposex, the superimposing of male genitals on female ones, in some species of gastropods. However, the molecular mechanism of the trialkyltin-induced endocrine dysfunction remains to be elucidated. To clarify the effects of organotin compounds on the activat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yamabe Y,Hoshino A,Imura N,Suzuki T,Himeno S

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals such as arsenic, cadmium, beryllium, and nickel are known human carcinogens; however, other transition metals, such as tungsten (W), remain relatively uninvestigated with regard to their potential carcinogenic activity. Tungsten production for industrial and military applications has almost doubled over the pas...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Laulicht F,Brocato J,Cartularo L,Vaughan J,Wu F,Kluz T,Sun H,Oksuz BA,Shen S,Peana M,Medici S,Zoroddu MA,Costa M

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goodness of fit of three PBPK models to data for inhalation uptake of 1,3-butadiene by mice from closed chambers were compared. These models included a classical flow-limited model with blood consolidated into arterial and venous compartments, a flow-limited model with implicit blood and alveolar compartments, and...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kohn MC

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a new and promising test in mice used to identify contact allergens by means of dermal exposure. Experimentally this assay, which comprises a sensitizing phase only, is also used to identify respiratory allergens. Another, experimentally used test in mice to identify allergens is a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vandebriel RJ,De Jong WH,Spiekstra SW,Van Dijk M,Fluitman A,Garssen J,Van Loveren H

更新日期：2000-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchronic and chronic studies in rats of the gasoline oxygenates ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-butanol (TBA) report similar noncancer kidney and liver effects but differing results with respect to kidney and liver tumors. Because TBA is a major metabolite of ETBE, it is possible that TBA is the active toxic ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Salazar KD,Brinkerhoff CJ,Lee JS,Chiu WA

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several novel mechanistic findings regarding to arsenic's pathogenesis has been reported and some of them suggest that the etiology of some arsenic induced diseases are due in part to heritable changes to the genome via epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone maintenance, and mRNA expression. Recently, w...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gonzalez-Cortes T,Recio-Vega R,Lantz RC,Chau BT

更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Some environmental chemicals exhibit estrogenic or antiandrogenic activity. Some of these, such as bisphenol A (bis A) and octylphenols, are used in large amounts in many applications. We have analyzed the effects of bis A and octylphenols on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells by measuring the LH receptor-mediated cAMP a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nikula H,Talonpoika T,Kaleva M,Toppari J

更新日期：1999-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The vitamin E analogue alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) is an efficient anti-cancer drug. Improved efficacy was achieved through the synthesis of alpha-tocopheryl maleamide (alpha-TAM), an esterase-resistant analogue of alpha-tocopheryl maleate. In vitro tests demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity of al...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Turánek J,Wang XF,Knötigová P,Koudelka S,Dong LF,Vrublová E,Mahdavian E,Procházka L,Sangsura S,Vacek A,Salvatore BA,Neuzil J

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with an increased risk of incidence of metabolic disease, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Our study provides new insights into molecular interactions between PCBs and retinoids (vitamin A and ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shmarakov IO,Lee YJ,Jiang H,Blaner WS

更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbendazim inhibits microtubule assembly, thus blocking mitosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Accordingly, carbendazim is being explored as an anticancer drug. Data show that carbendazim increased mRNA and protein expressions and promoter activity of CYP1A1. In addition, carbendazim activated transcriptio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wei KL,Chen FY,Lin CY,Gao GL,Kao WY,Yeh CH,Chen CR,Huang HC,Tsai WR,Jong KJ,Li WJ,Su JG

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3- and 3,4-Dichlorophenyl methyl sulfoxides and 2,3- and 3,4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfones (2,3- and 3,4-DCPSO2Mes) were detected in the urine of rats administered o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). After administration of o-DCB to rats, swift decreases were observed in the concentrations of o-DCB in blood, liver, and kidn...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kato Y,Kimura R

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrinogen, a soluble 340kDa plasma glycoprotein, is critical in achieving and maintaining hemostasis. Reduced fibrinogen levels are associated with an increased risk of bleeding and recent research has investigated the efficacy of fibrinogen concentrate for controlling perioperative bleeding. European guidelines on t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Beyerle A,Nolte MW,Solomon C,Herzog E,Dickneite G

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Niclosamide is an antihelminthic drug used worldwide for the treatment of tapeworm infections. Recent drug repurposing screens have highlighted the broad bioactivity of niclosamide across diverse mechanisms of action. As a result, niclosamide is being evaluated for a range of alternative drug-repurposing applications,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vliet SMF,Dasgupta S,Sparks NRL,Kirkwood JS,Vollaro A,Hur M,Zur Nieden NI,Volz DC

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often prescribed in combination with other drugs to control a patient's blood glucose level and achieve their HbA1c goal. New treatment options for T2D will likely include fixed dose combinations with metformin, which may require preclini...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Quaile MP,Melich DH,Jordan HL,Nold JB,Chism JP,Polli JW,Smith GA,Rhodes MC

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reports from our laboratory indicated that prophylactic protection against cyanide intoxication in mice can be enhanced by administration of chlorpromazine when it is given with sodium thiosulfate. The mechanism of potentiation of sodium thiosulfate by chlorpromazine was studied alone and in combination with ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kong A,Shen A,Burrows G,Sylvester D,Isom GE,Way JL

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I-compounds are recently discovered, age-dependent covalent DNA modifications, which are detectable by 32P-postlabeling assay for DNA adducts. The effects of the catatoxic antiglucocorticoid, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), on hepatic and renal I-compound levels have been studied in male and female Sprague-D...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moorthy B,van Golen KL,Randerath K

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine and doxepin exert similar direct electrophysiological effects on cardiac cells, toxic cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are much more commonly associated with imipramine than doxepin in clinical use. To ascertain if this discrepancy could be due to d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brennan FJ

更新日期：1984-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to the potent tumor promoter 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or related agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can result in hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. Changes in the expression and/or the level of growth factors may be a critical event in TCDD-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. In this...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Riebniger D,Schrenk D

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing transfer of inhaled tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into breast milk with the consequent exposure of the nursing pups was developed and validated in lactating rats. The PBPK model was based on partition coefficients (PCs), which were determined by the equilibra...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Byczkowski JZ,Kinkead ER,Leahy HF,Randall GM,Fisher JW

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of a series of screening tests to determine the potential teratogenicity and neurotoxicity of developmental exposure to TBTO in rats are presented in this paper. For prenatal exposure, pregnant Long Evans rats were intubated with 0-16 mg/kg/day bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide TBTO from Days 6 to 20 of gestation (...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Crofton KM,Dean KF,Boncek VM,Rosen MB,Sheets LP,Chernoff N,Reiter LW

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an earlier study, we exposed nine healthy volunteers to known concentrations of mercury (Hg) vapor in air (median 399; range 365-430 micrograms/m3) for 15 min during light physical exercise (50 W) (Sandborgh-Englund, G., et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 150, 146-153, 1998). Exhaled air, urine, and plasma samples w...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Jonsson F,Sandborgh-Englund G,Johanson G

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of toxicokinetic (TK) data is becoming more prevalent in the evaluation of food ingredient safety as more TK information is being incorporated in safety data packages. Data demonstrating "1) the extent of absorption, 2) tissue distribution, 3) pathways and rates of metabolism, and 4) rate(s) of elimination" of...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kabadi SV,Zang Y,Fisher JW,Smith N,Whiteside C,Aungst J

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of rodents to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) associated with particles has previously been shown to result in increased retention of BaP and metabolites in lungs. To determine if DNA damage might be enhanced, DNA adducts were measured in lungs of F344 rats following inhalation of pure BaP aerosols or BaP absorbed on ca...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wolff RK,Bond JA,Sun JD,Henderson RF,Harkema JR,Griffith WC,Mauderly JL,McClellan RO

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome-wide, promoter-focused ChIP-chip analysis of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding sites was conducted in 8-week old female C57BL/6 treated with 30 μg/kg/body weight 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for 2 h and 24 h. These studies identified 1642 and 508 AHR-bound regions at 2h and 24h, resp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lo R,Celius T,Forgacs AL,Dere E,MacPherson L,Harper P,Zacharewski T,Matthews J

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:PCBs are neurotoxic compounds that have a known effect on the dopaminergic system in the brain. In a previous work it was established that PCBs are potent inhibitors of the uptake of dopamine into rat brain synaptic vesicles. In this work we further investigated the vesicular dopamine uptake in response to different P...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mariussen E,Andersson PL,Tysklind M,Fonnum F

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have a crucial role in protection against the toxic effects of lipophilic chemicals in the environment. UGTs such as UGT1A7, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10 are exclusively expressed in gastrointestinal tissues, each with a unique tissue distribution patter...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gregory PA,Lewinsky RH,Gardner-Stephen DA,Mackenzie PI

更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) was examined as a preclinical assay with the potential to identify low-molecular-weight compounds (LMWCs) that are likely to be associated with immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) in humans. We hypothesized that the contact sensitizer oxazolone (OX) woul...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gutting BW,Bouzahzah F,Kong PL,Updyke LW,Amacher DE,Craft J

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nickel (Ni) carcinogenesis is thought to involve gene chip silencing by epigenetic mechanisms. Serpina3g, a member of the mouse serpin family, was among the most down-regulated genes (32-fold) in response to Ni exposure of mouse cells based on the Affymetrix gene chip. Serpina3g down-regulation was controlled by a hyp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhao J,Yan Y,Salnikow K,Kluz T,Costa M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic milk mutation is an autosomal recessive mutation found in an inbred C57BL/6J strain of mice which results in an excessive hepatic accumulation of copper (Cu), mostly associated with metallothionein (MT). The possible toxicological significance of elevated levels of hepatic copper-metallothionein (Cu-MT) was ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stephenson GF,Chan HM,Cherian MG

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00