Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and is particularly prevalent in parts of Southeast Asia, affecting thousands of children and infants each year. Revealing the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of EV-A71 through time and space is central to understanding its outbreak potential. We generated the full genome sequences of 200 EV-A71 strains sampled from various locations in Viet Nam between 2011 and 2013 and used these sequence data to determine the evolutionary history and phylodynamics of EV-A71 in Viet Nam, providing estimates of the effective reproduction number (Re) of the infection through time. In addition, we described the phylogeography of EV-A71 throughout Southeast Asia, documenting patterns of viral gene flow. Accordingly, our analysis reveals that a rapid genogroup switch from C4 to B5 likely took place during 2012 in Viet Nam. We show that the Re of subgenogroup C4 decreased during the time frame of sampling, whereas that of B5 increased and remained >1 at the end of 2013, corresponding to a rise in B5 prevalence. Our study reveals that the subgenogroup B5 virus that emerged into Viet Nam is closely related to variants that were responsible for large epidemics in Malaysia and Taiwan and therefore extends our knowledge regarding its associated area of endemicity. Subgenogroup B5 evidently has the potential to cause more widespread outbreaks across Southeast Asia. IMPORTANCE:EV-A71 is one of many viruses that cause HFMD, a common syndrome that largely affects infants and children. HFMD usually causes only mild illness with no long-term consequences. Occasionally, however, severe infection may arise, especially in very young children, causing neurological complications and even death. EV-A71 is highly contagious and is associated with the most severe HFMD cases, with large and frequent epidemics of the virus recorded worldwide. Although major advances have been made in the development of a potential EV-A71 vaccine, there is no current prevention and little is known about the patterns and dynamics of EV-A71 spread. In this study, we utilize full-length genome sequence data obtained from HFMD patients in Viet Nam, a geographical region where the disease has been endemic since 2003, to characterize the phylodynamics of this important emerging virus.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Geoghegan JL,Tan le V,Kühnert D,Halpin RA,Lin X,Simenauer A,Akopov A,Das SR,Stockwell TB,Shrivastava S,Ngoc NM,Uyen le TT,Tuyen NT,Thanh TT,Hang VT,Qui PT,Hung NT,Khanh TH,Thinh le Q,Nhan le NT,Van HM,Viet do Cdoi
10.1128/JVI.00706-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
8871-9issue
17eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00706-15journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The full-length sequence of a satellite RNA (sat-RNA) of Beet black scorch virus isolate X (BBSV-X) was determined. This agent is 615 nucleotides long and lacks extensive sequence homology with its helper virus or with other reported viruses. Purified virus particles contained abundant single-stranded plus-sense monom...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3664-3674.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonhuman primates are widely used to study correlates of protective immunity in AIDS research. Successful cellular immune responses have been difficult to identify because heterogeneity within macaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes results in quantitative and qualitative differences in immune responses. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01841-06
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen (T-ag) with the viral origin has served as a model for studies of site-specific recognition of a eukaryotic replication origin and the mechanism of DNA unwinding. These studies have revealed that a motif termed the "beta-hairpin" is necessary for assembly of T-ag on ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02451-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultural changes that follow infection of rabbit kidney cells with fibroma virus were studied. Characteristic alterations of cell morphology and development of multilayered piles and cords of cells were found to occur in infected cultures in which cell division was blocked by gamma radiation or by cell crowding and se...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.4.5.603-609.1969
更新日期:1969-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope protein is synthesized as a gp61 precursor product cleaved into two mature proteins, a gp45 exterior protein and a gp20 anchoring the envelope at the cell membrane. Using N-glycosylation inhibitors and site-directed mutagenesis of the potential glycosylation sit...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.2.906-913.1992
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Vpu enhances virus particle release by counteracting a host factor that retains virions at the surfaces of infected cells. It was recently demonstrated that cellular protein BST-2/CD317/Tetherin restricts HIV-1 release in a Vpu-dependent manner. Calcium...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01786-09
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a membrane-associated essential component of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication complex. An N-terminal amphipathic alpha helix mediates in-plane membrane association of HCV NS5A and at the same time is likely involved in specific protein-protein interactions required for the ass...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01279-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) enhances the growth of T lymphocytes, allowing the generation of T-lymphocyte cell lines. This report describes a limiting-dilution assay system which uses low input numbers of HTLV-1-producing cells for generation of T-lymphocyte cultures. The HTLV-1 transformants gener...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.10.6297-6303.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The discovery that measles virus (MV) uses the adherens junction protein nectin-4 as its epithelial receptor provides a new vantage point from which to characterize its rapid spread in the airway epithelium. We show here that in well-differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelial cells from human donor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00821-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of microglia and other cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage in the central nervous system (CNS) by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) underlies the development of giant cell encephalitis (GCE). It is currently unknown whether GCE depends on the emergence of virus populations specifically adapted...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11686-11699.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have been studying defective interfering (DI) genomes of the RNA enveloped virus Sindbis virus. Deletion mapping of a DI cDNA demonstrated that only sequences at the 3' and 5' termini of the genome are required for the DI RNA to be biologically active. We constructed a series of cDNAs that transcribe DI RNAs differ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.1.47-53.1988
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the contagion measles virus (MV) crosses the respiratory epithelium within myeloid cells that express the primary receptor signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), it replicates briskly in SLAM-expressing cells in lymphatic organs. Later, the infection spreads to epithelia expressing nectin-4, an adhere...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03037-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has been shown to bind to a limited number of Hind and Hae III restriction enzyme fragments. On S13 replicative form DNA there are three major binding sites, and the locations correlate with promoter sites at the beginning of genes a and B and a site overlapping gene D and the beginning...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.27.3.677-687.1978
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who achieve viral loads of <50 copies/ml during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), low levels of plasma virus remain detectable for years by ultrasensitive methods. The relative contributions of ongoing virus replication and virus prod...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00570-09
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paramyxoviral RNAs are synthesized by a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consisting of the large (L) protein and its cofactor phosphoprotein (P protein). The L protein is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes RNA synthesis, mRNA capping, and mRNA polyadenylation. Growing evidence shows that the stability o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02220-16
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Intact, purified particles of the nodaviruses flock house virus and nodamura virus that were either transfected into cells that were resistant to infection or introduced into in vitro translation systems directed the synthesis of viral proteins. We infer that direct interaction of these nodavirus particles with cytopl...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.10.7974-7977.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro transcriptase activity of three group I temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus restricted at 39 C was restored by L-protein fractions derived from wild-type (wt) vesicular stomatitis virion nucleo-capsids. Soluble NS protein from wt nucleocapsids did not reconstitute restricted trans...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.18.2.596-603.1976
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (pX) is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis by an unknown mechanism. pX variants encoded by HBV genomes found integrated in genomic DNA from liver tumors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally lack amino acids 134 to 154. Since deregulation of mitogenic pathways ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00661-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus (RV) encode only five multifunctional proteins accomplishing viral gene expression and virus formation. The viral phosphoprotein, P, is a structural component of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex and an essential cofactor for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We show he...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.22.12333-12343.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequences and structures within the terminal genomic regions of plus-strand RNA viruses are targets for the binding of host proteins that modulate functions such as translation, RNA replication, and encapsidation. Using murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), we describe the presence of long-range RNA-RNA interactions that were s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03433-12
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Langat virus (LGT), the naturally attenuated member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex, was tested extensively in clinical trials as a live TBEV vaccine and was found to induce a protective, durable immune response; however, it retained a low residual neuroinvasiveness in mice and humans. In order to ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1427-1439.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 isolates to infect and replicate in primary human macrophages. Monocytes from blood donors were allowed to differentiate into macrophages by culture in the presence of autologous lymphocytes and human serum for 5 days before infe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.10.6684-6689.1994
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::TMC114, a newly designed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, is extremely potent against both wild-type (wt) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) viruses in vitro as well as in vivo. Although chemically similar to amprenavir (APV), the potency of TMC114 is substantially greater. To examine the bas...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.21.12012-12021.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) envelope glycoprotein D (gD) plays an essential role in viral entry. The functional regions of gD responsible for viral entry have been mapped to its extracellular domain, whereas the gD cytoplasmic domain plays no obvious role in viral entry. Thus far, the role(s) of the gD cytoplasmic ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01396-16
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine-induced memory T cells localized at mucosal sites can provide rapid protection from viral infection. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to act physiologically to induce the expression of gut-homing receptors on lymphocytes. We tested whether the administration of exogenous ATRA during a systemic vac...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00781-11
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mason-Pfizer monkey virus 60-70S RNA has a molecular weight of 8 times 10-6 when analyzed on polyacrylamide gels. Dissociation of 60-70S RNA of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and murine leukemia virus by heat or formamide (40%) resulted in conversion to identical subunit structures of 2.8 times 10-6 daltons; treatment with...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.15.2.423-427.1975
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::T7 early mRNA's are generated from a high-molecular-weight precursor RNA by site-specific RNase III cleavage. When T7 DNA is transcribed in vitro by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, the transcript is a large, single-piece RNA equivalent to the in vivo precursor RNA. The T7 RNA synthesized in vitro can be translated as...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.18.3.1155-1159.1976
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:SSV-type integrases, encoded by fuselloviruses which infect the hyperthermophilic archaea of the Sulfolobales, are archaeal members of the tyrosine recombinase family. These integrases catalyze viral integration into and excision from a specific site on the host genome. In the present study, we have establis...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01637-15
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unfolded-protein response (UPR), activated by sensor molecules PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 to resolve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has emerged as a key target for host cells and viruses to control the infection outcomes. The UPR regulates ER protein folding, controls cell fate upon ER stress, and plays an important...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00200-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Here, we review current knowledge...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/JVI.01357-19
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00