Pharmacogenetics in irritable bowel syndrome.

abstract：:Valproate (2-propylpentanoate) is available as valproic acid, sodium valproate and semisodium valproate. It has actions on dopamine, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Its main psychiatric use is to treat bipolar disorder. It has been used in other psychiatric disorders, including schizo...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Haddad PM,Das A,Ashfaq M,Wieck A

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Variations in the human genome sequence sometimes play an important role in pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics. Previous studies have demonstrated a high degree of variation both between and within different ethnic populations. Areas covered: This review sought to summarize key SNPs in CYP2B6, CYP3A ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Neary M,Owen A

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a central role in the metabolism and metabolic activation of a large number of small, mostly xenobiotic compounds. These qualities distinguish CYP2E1 from traditional enzymes and pose significant challenges to understanding the role and consequences of CYP2E1-mediated metab...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Miller GP

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The review aims to discuss effects of vitrectomy on pharmacokinetics of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, and attempt to provide treatment guidance. Areas covered: An Embase search was conducted using the terms 'anti-VEGF', 'pegaptanib', 'ranibizumab', 'bevacizumab', 'aflibercept'...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Edington M,Connolly J,Chong NV

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions (DIs) can occur between antiepileptics (AEDs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAPs). Some AED and SGAP pharmacodynamic mechanisms are poorly understood. AED-SGAP combinations are used for treating comorbid illnesses or increasing efficacy, partic...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： de Leon J,Santoro V,D'Arrigo C,Spina E

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antithrombotic therapies form the cornerstone of management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). An ideal antithrombotic agent should reduce ischemic complications while keeping bleeding events to a minimum. Heparins, both unfractionated and low molecular weight, reduce ischemic outcomes but also significantly increase ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Chaturvedi V,Karthikeyan G

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Raltegravir was the first available integrase inhibitor for treating HIV-positive patients. This review aims to provide an overview of its role in the management of HIV-1 infection, highlighting its key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. AREAS COVERED:This review covers material searched and ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Calcagno A,D'Avolio A,Bonora S

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite years of extensive research, effective drugs that inhibit the pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and improve outcome when added to conventional sepsis treatments are lacking. Eritoran tetrasodium (E5564) is a promising candidate t...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Barochia A,Solomon S,Cui X,Natanson C,Eichacker PQ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in cells secreting calcium-regulating hormones, in cells involved in calcium transport and in many other tissues, with an as yet not completely defined role. In parathyroid cells, the CaSR stimulation inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, synthesis and parathyro...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Messa P,Alfieri C,Brezzi B

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable micro-vascular unit which prevents many central nervous system (CNS)-targeted compounds from reaching the brain. A significant problem in CNS drug development is the ability to model BBB permeability in a timely, reproducible and cost-effective manne...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Geldenhuys WJ,Allen DD,Bloomquist JR

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathologists play a central role in the recognition and prevention of drug-induced toxicity. Pathologists engaged in clinical practice must identify a pattern of histological lesions that are interpreted in concert with a variety of clinical data to determine the probability of drug-induced toxicity versus background ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Cullen JM,Miller RT

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Aerosol administration of therapeutics to the respiratory system represents a significant opportunity for many classes of drugs, both small molecules and macromolecules, including recently engineered peptide and protein therapeutics. However, minimally invasive assessment of drug absorption mechanisms in viv...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sporty JL,Horálková L,Ehrhardt C

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Type IV drug hypersensitivity remains an important clinical problem and an obstacle to the development of new drugs. Several forms of drug hypersensitivity are associated with expression of specific HLA alleles. Furthermore, drug-specific T-lymphocytes have been isolated from patients with reactions. Despi...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sullivan A,Watkinson J,Waddington J,Park BK,Naisbitt DJ

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:There has been much interest in generating gene signatures to predict treatment response in breast cancer. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:There are at least 15 published studies that describe baseline tumor gene signatures predicting chemotherapy sensitivity. As an extension of these baseline stu...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Tan SH,Lee SC

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Due to their multiple effects, glucocorticoids (GCs) have versatile medical uses. They can regulate many xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, and thus, influence pharmacotherapy. AREAS COVERED:The aim of this paper is to summarize the molecular effects of GCs on CYP as...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Matoulková P,Pávek P,Malý J,Vlček J

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a disabling pain condition. Its pathomechanism remains unknown, but a sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitabilty have been suggested. Only symptomatic pharmacological pain management treatment is currently available. AREAS COVERED:The origin of PDN is enigmatic, and t...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Tajti J,Szok D,Majláth Z,Csáti A,Petrovics-Balog A,Vécsei L

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The elucidation of the toxicological mechanisms of herbal medicines is becoming more and more important with the increasing application of herbal medicines, for treatment of various diseases and the promotion of health. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that as herbal components undergo bioactivation, t...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Fang ZZ,Zhang YY,Wang XL,Cao YF,Huo H,Yang L

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Short- and long-acting β agonists (SABA and LABA) are bronchodilators for treating asthma. Bronchodilator response (BDR) is quantified by measuring air expired in the first second during a forced expiratory maneuver, prior to and following inhalation of SABA. BDR has been associated with a significant degr...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Lima JJ

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sertindole is a second-generation antipsychotic recently reintroduced in the market for the treatment of schizophrenia after a reevaluation of its risks and benefits. OBJECTIVE:This article provides an overview of the pharmacological properties of sertindole as well as of its efficacy, tolerability and safe...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Spina E,Zoccali R

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:If a drug is found to be an inducer of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes via activation of nuclear receptors such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), it is likely that drug transporters regulated through these same receptors will be induced as well. This review highlight...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Amacher DE

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Medication of pregnant women is increasingly common in developed countries. Several placental drug transporters have been shown to transfer their substrates from the trophoblast back to the maternal circulation, thus hindering the transplacental passage of xenobiotics and protecting the fetus. However, the...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Staud F,Ceckova M

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The second-line treatment of endometriosis-related pain symptoms includes injectable depot formulations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-as). These drugs improve the symptomatology by inducing a hypoestrogenic status and a consequent regression of endometriotic implants. However, GnRH-a may ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Della Corte L,Barra F,Mercorio A,Evangelisti G,Rapisarda AMC,Ferrero S,Bifulco G,Giampaolino P

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Picoplatin was developed as platinum coordination complex to overcome development of resistance, through conjugation to thioles, by the introduction of a methyl-pyridine moiety into the cisplatin parent structure. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug, after intravenous and oral application, were studied ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Hamilton G

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists such as leuprolide acetate (LA) are the most frequently utilized treatment of advanced prostate cancer as the regimen for achieving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The efficacy of LA is determined by extent of testosterone (T) suppression in prostate cance...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Crawford ED,Moul JW,Sartor O,Shore ND

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The key feature of the newborn is its fast age-dependent maturation, resulting in extensive variability in pharmacokinetics and -dynamics, further aggravated by newly emerging covariates like treatment modalities, environmental issues or pharmacogenetics. This makes clinical research in neonates relevant a...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Samardzic J,Turner MA,Bax R,Allegaert K

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Despite increasing early detection and treatment of prostate cancer, a subset of patients presents with or develops metastatic disease. Androgen deprivation therapy is effective but resistance eventually develops, resulting in a lethal phenotype known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recentl...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Tsao CK,Liaw B,Yee T,Galsky MD,Oh WK

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicogenomics is the application of gene expression profiling technology to toxicology. This results in the generation of very large and complex gene expression data sets associated with the development of toxicities. It is widely assumed that this data can be deconvoluted to reveal novel insights into toxicological ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Huby R,Tugwood JD

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In preliminary clinical studies, aleglitazar, a new dual PPAR-α-γ agonist, has been demonstrated to improve hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review will provide up-to-date information on the clinical safety and efficacy of aleglitazar, which is currently under ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Younk LM,Uhl L,Davis SN

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Patients with gout often have comorbid conditions such as renal failure, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The presence and required treatment of these conditions can make the treatment of gout challenging. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the available drugs for the management of gout is ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Richette P,Frazier A,Bardin T

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:For orally administered drugs, their intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism are key players for determining a drug's systemic bioavailability and thus therapeutic effect. Drug absorption and metabolism are both complicated processes, with many physicochemical and physiological factors involved. Under...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Alqahtani S,Mohamed LA,Kaddoumi A

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00