Abstract:
:Valproate (2-propylpentanoate) is available as valproic acid, sodium valproate and semisodium valproate. It has actions on dopamine, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Its main psychiatric use is to treat bipolar disorder. It has been used in other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, but data are insufficient to recommend this. In acute mania, valproate monotherapy has similar efficacy to antipsychotic drugs and lithium whereas the combination of valproate and an antipsychotic is more effective than either drug alone. In maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, valproate monotherapy has comparable efficacy to olanzapine although placebo-controlled evidence is limited. Maintenance treatment with valproate and quetiapine or olanzapine is more efficacious than valproate alone when an acute episode responds to the combination. Common adverse effects of valproate include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sedation, tremor and mild elevation of hepatic enzymes. Serious hepatic toxicity is rare in adults. Many adverse effects are dose related and resolve with dose reduction. Valproate is teratogenic and specifically associated with neural tube defect. Preliminary evidence has linked in utero exposure to decreased verbal intelligence in the offspring. These effects, plus a probable increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, limit valproate's use in women of childbearing potential.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicoljournal_title
Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicologyauthors
Haddad PM,Das A,Ashfaq M,Wieck Adoi
10.1517/17425250902911455subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
539-51issue
5eissn
1742-5255issn
1744-7607journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) uptake transporters are important for the disposition of many drugs and perturbed OATP activity can contribute to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It is well documented that both genetic and environmental factors can alter OATP expression and activity. Genetic fa...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The second-line treatment of endometriosis-related pain symptoms includes injectable depot formulations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-as). These drugs improve the symptomatology by inducing a hypoestrogenic status and a consequent regression of endometriotic implants. However, GnRH-a may ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
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