Abstract:
:Antithrombotic therapies form the cornerstone of management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). An ideal antithrombotic agent should reduce ischemic complications while keeping bleeding events to a minimum. Heparins, both unfractionated and low molecular weight, reduce ischemic outcomes but also significantly increase the risk of major and minor bleeding. Moreover, they do not reduce mortality. Therefore, there is a need for newer agents that preserve the benefits of ischemia reduction while decreasing mortality and bleeding risk. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide which specifically targets factor Xa of the coagulation cascade. It has been effectively used in the prevention of and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. Two large randomized controlled trials of fondaparinux compared to unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins, among patients with ACS have recently been completed. These studies have shown a significantly lower risk of bleeding with fondaparinux compared to heparins, with equivalent or greater reductions in ischemic outcomes. A small but definite increase in the risk of catheter-related thrombosis has been found among patients undergoing coronary interventions, which is ameliorated by the administration of unfractionated heparin. This review outlines the pharmacological properties of fondaparinux and critically examines the available clinical trial data for fondaparinux in ACS.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicoljournal_title
Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicologyauthors
Chaturvedi V,Karthikeyan Gdoi
10.1517/17425250903456039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
1615-23issue
12eissn
1742-5255issn
1744-7607journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:A growing body of evidence suggests that everolimus might offer effective immunosuppressive activity together with antiproliferative effects that may address some of the unmet needs in the long-term therapeutic management of the post-transplant patient. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the emerging evidence for emplo...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.4.6.807
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder resulting from a lack of clotting factor VIII (FVIII), and treatment typically consists of prophylactic replacement of the deficient factor. However, high between subject variability precludes the development of a 'one size fits all' dosing strategy and necessitates an i...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17425255.2016.1214711
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute kidney injury is a common condition and is associated with a high mortality rate. It has been recognised that routinely used measures of renal function, such as levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, increase significantly only after substantial kidney injury occurs and then with a time delay. Insen...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2.5.697
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Chemokine receptors are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of many human diseases. This study will provide an overview of approved chemokine receptor antagonists and promising candidates in advanced clinical trials.Areas covered: We will describe clinical aspects of chemokine receptor antago...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2020.1711884
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intestinal epithelial membrane expresses ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in addition to various solute carrier (SLC) transporters. These ABC transporters affect the oral bi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.4.7.923
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three first-line antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, may induce liver injury, especially isoniazid. This antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury ranges from a mild to severe form, and the associated mortality cases are not rare. The major drug-metabolizing enzyme of isoniazid is N-acetyl...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.3.1.1
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bioaccessibility is a growing area of research in the field of risk assessment. As polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, they are the toxicants of focus to establish cancer risks in humans. Orally ingested PAHs also cause toxicity and even affect the pharmacokinet...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.823157
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adverse drug reactions with an immune pathogenesis are a problem in the clinic and an impediment to drug development. T lymphocytes are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis; however, the nature of the drug interaction with immune receptors remains an area of debate. AREAS COVERED:This article revie...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2015.992780
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CYP enzymes from the CYP2C and CYP2J subfamilies metabolize arachidonic acid in a regiospecific and stereoselective manner to eight epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Various EETs have been detected in the liver, as well as in many extrahepatic tissues, and have been implicated in numerous physiological funct...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425250902932923
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The liver plays a central role in human drug metabolism. To model drug metabolism, the major cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is commonly used. Hepatocytes can be derived from human and animal sources, including pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based models have shown promise in modeling human drug expo...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1558208
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions (DIs) can occur between antiepileptics (AEDs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAPs). Some AED and SGAP pharmacodynamic mechanisms are poorly understood. AED-SGAP combinations are used for treating comorbid illnesses or increasing efficacy, partic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.660918
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sesamin is a major lignan found in sesame and is known to have various biological effects. Some of these biological effects occur following its metabolic conversion to corresponding catechols and, therefore, the study of sesamin metabolism is quite important. There is currently a need to identify the enzym...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.637917
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease manifesting as recurrent seizures. Despite the availability of numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), one-third of the patients are not responsive to treatment. Such inter-individual variability in the response to AEDs may be partly explained by genetic differences....
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2014.872630
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Unacceptable failure rates in clinical trials are largely responsible for the high costs of bringing successful drugs to market - costs that are passed on to patients, insurers or healthcare providers. Furthermore, failures in clinical trials deny patients much-needed new drugs and potentially expose them ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.802770
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Many different drugs and xenobiotics (chemical compounds foreign to an organism) can injure the bile duct epithelium and cause inflammatory bile duct diseases (cholangiopathies) ranging from transient cholestasis to vanishing bile duct syndrome, sclerosing cholangitis with development of biliary fibrosis a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.674511
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The availability of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants alongside vitamin K antagonists has offered a variety of options for anti-coagulation, but has also necessitated a good understanding of the pharmacological properties of each of these drugs prior to their use, to maximise the therapeutic be...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1604686
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The target concentration strategy uses PKPD information for dose determination. Models have also quantified exposure-response relationships, improved understanding of developmental pharmacokinetics, rationalized dose prescription, provided insight into the importance of covariate information, explained d...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2020.1739648
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic constipation is a frequent condition often treated pharmacologically. The laxatives available belong to very different pharmacologic groups. AREAS COVERED:This is a short but comprehensive review of the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of currently available laxatives for chronic constipation. Pe...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.773972
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in cells secreting calcium-regulating hormones, in cells involved in calcium transport and in many other tissues, with an as yet not completely defined role. In parathyroid cells, the CaSR stimulation inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, synthesis and parathyro...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425250802587017
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men has been used for > 60 years. The use of testosterone substitution is continuously growing and is given to aging men to improve the quality of life. Because testosterone use is associated with muscle strength enhancing effects, it has become a popular drug ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425250902976862
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated serum cholesterol is a known risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Circulating cholesterol is a product of both cholesterol absorption from the gut and cellular cholesterol production. Ezetimibe is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug that acts at the brush border of the small intestine. Re...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.3.3.441
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pregabalin is an alternative compound to SSRIs and SNRIs for the first-line treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Areas covered: We describe the pharmacokinetic properties of pregabalin and their implications for the treatment of GAD. A search in the main database sources (Medline, ISI, Web of K...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2017.1281247
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:There have been increasing concerns regarding adverse reactions and toxicity incidents caused by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), among which the nephrotoxicity is particularly worrying. AREAS COVERED:This review summarizes the ingredients with renal toxicity from some TCMs through searching the rele...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2016.1132306
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathologists play a central role in the recognition and prevention of drug-induced toxicity. Pathologists engaged in clinical practice must identify a pattern of histological lesions that are interpreted in concert with a variety of clinical data to determine the probability of drug-induced toxicity versus background ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2.2.241
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Catechins of green tea extract (GTE) have been associated with the rare risk of hepatotoxicity in a few individuals. As GTE were coadministered with synthetic drugs in some hepatotoxicity cases, uncertainty emerged whether GTE are a risk factor of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). AREAS COVERED:Case repor...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425255.2014.971011
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: In quantitative modeling, the resolving of underpredictions and overpredictions of hepatic clearance (CLh) makes a top priority for pharmacokinetic modelers. Clearly, the 'protein-mediated hepatic uptake' is a violation of 'the free drug hypothesis', but the lack of its consideration in CLh-predictive ap...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1640679
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Piperine has various pharmacological effects and can modulate the functional activity of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. Consequently, there is a great interest in the application of piperine as an alternative medicine or bioavailability enhancer. Areas covered: This review deals with the effects ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2018.1418854
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The fixed-dose combination of three direct-acting antivirals (DAA), namely sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir is the first pangenotypic, single tablet regimen developed for the treatment of HCV infection. Areas covered: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of the co-formulation...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425255.2017.1359254
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:The use of the first generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) as a component of first-line antiretroviral therapy has been accepted worldwide. EFV is the only antiretroviral agent currently on the market that has been combined with emtricitabine and tenofovir dis...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425250903483207
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:There are few true international meetings dedicated to covering multiple areas of toxicology. The XII International Congress of Toxicology (IUTOX) held from 19 to 23 July 2010 in Barcelona, Spain is one such meeting. The IUTOX is important as its emphasis is on chemical safety and integrating ap...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/17425255.2010.521152
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00