Xenobiotic-induced liver injury and fibrosis.

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Despite increasing early detection and treatment of prostate cancer, a subset of patients presents with or develops metastatic disease. Androgen deprivation therapy is effective but resistance eventually develops, resulting in a lethal phenotype known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recentl...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Tsao CK,Liaw B,Yee T,Galsky MD,Oh WK

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis (IDIAG) is a life-threatening adverse reaction characterized by an absolute neutrophil count < 500 cells/μl of blood. It shares many of the characteristics of other idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs), and this presumably reflects mechanistic similarities. AREAS ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Johnston A,Uetrecht J

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The prevalence of obesity and associated co-morbid conditions is increasing globally. Physiological changes accompanying obesity are likely to result in altered drug pharmacokinetics; however, there is paucity of information on how to best dose adjust for the obese. AREAS COVERED:This review presents mate...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Morrish GA,Pai MP,Green B

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:For orally administered drugs, their intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism are key players for determining a drug's systemic bioavailability and thus therapeutic effect. Drug absorption and metabolism are both complicated processes, with many physicochemical and physiological factors involved. Under...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Alqahtani S,Mohamed LA,Kaddoumi A

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this study are to characterize capsaicin glucuronidation using liver microsomes and to determine the contribution of individual UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes to hepatic glucuronidation of capsaicin. METHODS:The rates of glucuronidation were determined by incubating capsaicin wit...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sun H,Wang H,Liu H,Zhang X,Wu B

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats are an important tool in pharmacology and toxicology. The authors focus on rat P450s in relation to diazepam metabolism. In particular, considerable attention is devoted to the CYP2D subfamily, which is a group of highly polymorphic enzymes. First, the metabolic profiles of diazepam of humans and other animals ar...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sakai N,Ishizuka M

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The key feature of the newborn is its fast age-dependent maturation, resulting in extensive variability in pharmacokinetics and -dynamics, further aggravated by newly emerging covariates like treatment modalities, environmental issues or pharmacogenetics. This makes clinical research in neonates relevant a...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Samardzic J,Turner MA,Bax R,Allegaert K

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Patients with gout often have comorbid conditions such as renal failure, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The presence and required treatment of these conditions can make the treatment of gout challenging. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the available drugs for the management of gout is ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Richette P,Frazier A,Bardin T

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) uptake transporters are important for the disposition of many drugs and perturbed OATP activity can contribute to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It is well documented that both genetic and environmental factors can alter OATP expression and activity. Genetic fa...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Clarke JD,Cherrington NJ

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:genetic and pharmacologically-driven variations in common mechanisms involved in the disposition of antidepressant medications may contribute to variable interpatient response. This review describes the pharmacological properties underlying the safety and efficacy of desvenlafaxine, a second-gen...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Nichols AI,Tourian KA,Tse SY,Paul J

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Cytochrome (CYP) P450 is a collective name for a very large group of heme enzymes, which catalyze largely oxidative reactions, including those of pharmacological and toxicological importance. Their efficient operation requires coupling of specific electron donor and O(2) consumption and substrat...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Shakunthala N

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cervical cancer is the second-most common malignancy in women worldwide. Cisplatin was introduced as a radiosensitizer in 1999 to improve chances of survival. Tumor cell hypoxia, however, remains a major limiting factor in the treatment of solid tumors with chemotherapy and radiation. There has since been ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Ghatage P,Sabagh H

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an increasing recognition within the pharmaceutical industry of the importance of the ADME studies in drug registration. Consequently, there has been a drive in recent times to conduct the ADME studies as early as possible in the development programme. There are, however, regulatory barriers, particularly in ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Lappin G,Garner RC

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive growth in the field of molecular biology in recent decades has led to the development of new and powerful experimental and computational tools that enable the analysis of complex biological responses to chemical exposure on both a functional and structural genetic level. The ability to profile global respons...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Harrill AH,Rusyn I

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The onset, intensity and duration of therapeutic response to a compound depend on the intrinsic pharmacological activity of the drug and pharmacokinetic factors related to its absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination that are inherent to the biological system. The process of drug transfer from the site of ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Hurst S,Loi CM,Brodfuehrer J,El-Kattan A

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Dosing of antibiotics in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is challenging, due to altered pharmacokinetics, difficulty of lung tissue penetration, and increasing presence of antimicrobial resistance. AREAS COVERED:The purpose of this work is to critically review original data as well as previous reviews an...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Akkerman-Nijland AM,Akkerman OW,Grasmeijer F,Hagedoorn P,Frijlink HW,Rottier BL,Koppelman GH,Touw DJ

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The N-acetylation polymorphism has been the subject of comprehensive reviews describing the role of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) in the metabolism of numerous aromatic amine and hydrazine drugs. AREAS COVERED:We describe and review data that more clearly defines the effects of NAT2 haplotypes an...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Hein DW,Millner LM

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The activity of various CYP isoforms is critical for maintaining the clinical effectiveness of many medications. Therefore, determining the sex-dependent activity of clinically relevant CYP families is highly important for optimal therapeutic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE:This review examined the sex-dependent a...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Scandlyn MJ,Stuart EC,Rosengren RJ

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Pediatric critical illness and associated alterations in organ function can change drug pharmacokinetics (PK). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a life-saving therapy for severe cardiac and/or respiratory failure, causes additional PK alterations that affect drug disposition. AREAS COVERED:The p...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Himebauch AS,Kilbaugh TJ,Zuppa AF

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Introduction: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the cornerstone of treatment of patients with epilepsy, and there are presently 27 licensed AEDs making AEDs among the most common medications for which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is performed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current evidence ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Johannessen Landmark C,Johannessen SI,Patsalos PN

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Invasive fungal infections remain a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. There are relatively few effective antifungal agents, and currently available agents all have significant limitations. Isavuconazole is a novel second-generation triazole with broad-spectr...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Livermore J,Hope W

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Due to their multiple effects, glucocorticoids (GCs) have versatile medical uses. They can regulate many xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, and thus, influence pharmacotherapy. AREAS COVERED:The aim of this paper is to summarize the molecular effects of GCs on CYP as...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Matoulková P,Pávek P,Malý J,Vlček J

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Variations in the human genome sequence sometimes play an important role in pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics. Previous studies have demonstrated a high degree of variation both between and within different ethnic populations. Areas covered: This review sought to summarize key SNPs in CYP2B6, CYP3A ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Neary M,Owen A

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of T-cell neoplasms. Most patients with PTCL have a poor outcome with conventional therapies and are not cured without stem-cell transplantation. Pralatrexate, a novel antifolate chemotherapeutic agent, was rationally designed to impede folate m...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Foss FM

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Maintaining effective antiretroviral treatment for life is a major problem in both resource-limited and resource-rich countries. Despite the progress observed in paediatric antiretroviral therapy, approximately 12% of children still experience treatment failure due to drug resistance, inadequate dosing and...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Piana C,Danhof M,Della Pasqua O

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:A medical need remains for a once-daily insulin with 24-h basal coverage in all patients. We characterize the steady-state (SS) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of insulin degludec (IDeg) versus insulin glargine (IGlar). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:In this controlled, single-center study, 66 type ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Heise T,Hövelmann U,Nosek L,Hermanski L,Bøttcher SG,Haahr H

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Raltegravir was the first available integrase inhibitor for treating HIV-positive patients. This review aims to provide an overview of its role in the management of HIV-1 infection, highlighting its key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. AREAS COVERED:This review covers material searched and ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Calcagno A,D'Avolio A,Bonora S

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Coumadin (R/S-warfarin) is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant in the world; nevertheless, its clinical use is complicated by unpredictability in dose requirements to achieve and maintain optimal anticoagulation. Variations in warfarin metabolism among patients contribute to unpredictability in t...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Jones DR,Miller GP

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Adverse drug reactions with an immune pathogenesis are a problem in the clinic and an impediment to drug development. T lymphocytes are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis; however, the nature of the drug interaction with immune receptors remains an area of debate. AREAS COVERED:This article revie...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sullivan A,Gibson A,Park BK,Naisbitt DJ

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The availability of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants alongside vitamin K antagonists has offered a variety of options for anti-coagulation, but has also necessitated a good understanding of the pharmacological properties of each of these drugs prior to their use, to maximise the therapeutic be...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Fawzy AM,Lip GYH

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00