Extended release, 6-month formulations of leuprolide acetate for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: achieving testosterone levels below 20 ng/dl.

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Capecitabine , an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is adsorbed in its intact form through the intestine and metabolized to 5-FU in tumour cells. In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), capecitabine is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option both in monotherapy and in combination with chemothera...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Daniele G,Gallo M,Piccirillo MC,Giordano P,D'Alessio A,Del Giudice A,La Porta ML,Perrone F,Normanno N,De Luca A

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Omalizumab is a subcutaneously administrated monoclonal anti-IgE antibody indicated in adults, adolescents and children 6 years of age and older with moderate to severe allergic asthma uncontrolled by conventional pharmacological treatments and sensitization to at least one perennial allergen. Area covered...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Luu M,Bardou M,Bonniaud P,Goirand F

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Pregabalin is an alternative compound to SSRIs and SNRIs for the first-line treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Areas covered: We describe the pharmacokinetic properties of pregabalin and their implications for the treatment of GAD. A search in the main database sources (Medline, ISI, Web of K...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Buoli M,Caldiroli A,Serati M

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:It is widely accepted that current practice of polypharmacy inevitably increases the incidence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Serious DDIs are a major liability for new molecular entities entering the pharmaceutical market. Various strategies are employed to avoid problematic compounds for clinical deve...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Riley RJ,Wilson CE

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Co-medication, gene polymorphisms and co-morbidity are main causes for high variability in expression and function of the CYP3A isoenzymes. Pharmacokinetic variability is a major source of interindividual variability of drug effect and response of CYP3A substrates. While CYP3A genotyping is of limited use,...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Hohmann N,Haefeli WE,Mikus G

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Chronic constipation is a frequent condition often treated pharmacologically. The laxatives available belong to very different pharmacologic groups. AREAS COVERED:This is a short but comprehensive review of the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of currently available laxatives for chronic constipation. Pe...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Müller-Lissner S

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in cells secreting calcium-regulating hormones, in cells involved in calcium transport and in many other tissues, with an as yet not completely defined role. In parathyroid cells, the CaSR stimulation inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, synthesis and parathyro...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Messa P,Alfieri C,Brezzi B

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Major depressive disorder (MDD), one of the most common disorders in medical practice and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, is frequently comorbid with anxiety disorders. Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) is a new antidepressant that combines a number of neurotransmitter reuptake and receptor effe...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Dubovsky SL

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Within recent years, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) have emerged as a new treatment option for type 2 diabetes. The GLP-1-RA are administered subcutaneously and differ substantially in pharmacokinetic profiles. AREAS COVERED:This review describes the pharmacokinetics and safety aspec...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Jespersen MJ,Knop FK,Christensen M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Small molecule tyrosine and serine-threonine kinase inhibitors (TKIs and STKIs) are emerging drugs that interfere with downstream signaling pathways involved in cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The understanding of their pharmacokinetics, the identification of their transporters...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Da Silva CG,Honeywell RJ,Dekker H,Peters GJ

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used for the treatment of epilepsy. However, ∼ 30% of patients do not remain seizure free. It is possible that methylxanthine derivatives (e.g., caffeine and theophylline) may partially account for this outcome. AREAS COVERED:Data on the convulsive activity of methylx...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Chrościńska-Krawczyk M,Radzik I,Miziak B,Czuczwar SJ

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:A more concentrated insulin glargine formulation, containing 300 U/mL (Gla-300) was approved in 2015 in the US and Europe for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults. AREAS COVERED:This drug evaluation focuses on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of Gla-300 from studies published up...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Owens DR

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is currently the single most important cause of acute liver failure in the US, and is associated with a significant number of deaths. The toxic response to APAP is triggered by a highly reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine. Following the hepatocellular initiation events...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Liu ZX,Kaplowitz N

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro pharmacological profiling of drugs using a large panel of cloned receptors (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, Na(+)-dependent monoamine transporters), an approach that has come to be known as 'receptorome screening', has unveiled novel molecular mechanisms responsible for the a...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Setola V,Roth BL

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate fixed-dose combination (FTC/TDF FDC) is the co-formulation of a nucleoside and a nucleotide, respectively. After oral administration, both drugs exhibit plasma and intracellular half-lives suitable for once-daily dosing. Within the host cells, active metabolites ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Uglietti A,Zanaboni D,Gnarini M,Maserati R

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Patients with gout often have comorbid conditions such as renal failure, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The presence and required treatment of these conditions can make the treatment of gout challenging. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the available drugs for the management of gout is ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Richette P,Frazier A,Bardin T

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease manifesting as recurrent seizures. Despite the availability of numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), one-third of the patients are not responsive to treatment. Such inter-individual variability in the response to AEDs may be partly explained by genetic differences....

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Piana C,Antunes Nde J,Della Pasqua O

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The burden of seasonal influenza in children is poorly recognized, in spite of the potential for severe and even life-threatening illness and common secondary complications. Children are a primary reservoir for the spread of influenza to both family members and the community, which imposes a sizeable social and econom...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Whitley RJ

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled personalized cancer therapies with molecularly targeted agents (MTAs), which offer a promising future for cancer therapy. Dynamic modeling and simulation (M&S) is a powerful mathematical approach linking drug exposures to pharmacological responses, providin...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Yamazaki S,Spilker ME,Vicini P

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Aerosol administration of therapeutics to the respiratory system represents a significant opportunity for many classes of drugs, both small molecules and macromolecules, including recently engineered peptide and protein therapeutics. However, minimally invasive assessment of drug absorption mechanisms in viv...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Sporty JL,Horálková L,Ehrhardt C

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Neonatal patients, because of the inability of their immune system to properly respond to microbial challenge, are highly susceptible to viral infections. Immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibody and antiviral drugs are used for prophylaxis and treatment of viral diseases in neonates. Neonates and, especially,...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Enioutina EY,Constance JE,Stockmann C,Linakis MW,Yu T,Rower JE,Balch AH,Sherwin CM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Iron overload is an inevitable consequence of transfusion therapy for a variety of underlying anemias. Iron overload, without effective chelation, will lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Deferasirox (Exjade®) is an oral tridentate iron chelator used for reducing iron overload. AREAS COVERED:In a...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Galanello R,Campus S,Origa R

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The elucidation of the toxicological mechanisms of herbal medicines is becoming more and more important with the increasing application of herbal medicines, for treatment of various diseases and the promotion of health. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that as herbal components undergo bioactivation, t...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Fang ZZ,Zhang YY,Wang XL,Cao YF,Huo H,Yang L

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mortality from invasive fungal disease involving the central nervous system (CNS) is excessive. Achieving therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of infection within the CNS is always difficult and its evaluation is complex due to anatomical barriers and variable pathophysiological lesions. Areas cover...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Stott KE,Hope W

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates IL-5. It is available as a subcutaneous preparation. The practical application of mepolizumab is as an add-on therapy in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. Areas covered: This article was created from a comprehensive lit...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Kallur L,Gonzalez-Estrada A,Eidelman F,Dimov V

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anticancer drugs are characterized by a narrow therapeutic window and significant inter-patient variability in therapeutic and toxic effects. Current body surface area (BSA)-based dosing fails to standardize systemic anticancer drug exposure and other alternative dosing strategies also have their limitations...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Gao B,Klumpen HJ,Gurney H

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:many promising targeted agents and combination therapies are being investigated for brain cancer. However, the results from recent clinical trials have been disappointing. A better understanding of the disposition of drug in the brain early in drug development would facilitate appropriate channe...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Blakeley J,Portnow J

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Due to their multiple effects, glucocorticoids (GCs) have versatile medical uses. They can regulate many xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, and thus, influence pharmacotherapy. AREAS COVERED:The aim of this paper is to summarize the molecular effects of GCs on CYP as...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Matoulková P,Pávek P,Malý J,Vlček J

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Medication of pregnant women is increasingly common in developed countries. Several placental drug transporters have been shown to transfer their substrates from the trophoblast back to the maternal circulation, thus hindering the transplacental passage of xenobiotics and protecting the fetus. However, the...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Staud F,Ceckova M

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The availability of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants alongside vitamin K antagonists has offered a variety of options for anti-coagulation, but has also necessitated a good understanding of the pharmacological properties of each of these drugs prior to their use, to maximise the therapeutic be...

journal_title：Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

authors： Fawzy AM,Lip GYH

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00