Abstract:
:On November 7, 1985, a Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in approximately 44% of the 1,362 employees at a Connecticut factory. Although the same foods were served to all three shifts at an employee banquet on November 6, the attack rate was almost twice as high for those who ate on the day shift (attack rate = 50%) than for those on the evening shift (attack rate = 20%) or night shift (attack rate = 29%). Among employees of the day shift, attack rates were highest for those who ate during the first 30 minutes of the 2.5-hour day shift serving period and decreased throughout the serving period. The one-hour evening shift serving period had a similar trend toward higher attack rates earlier in the serving period. Four main-course foods were significantly associated with illness, and over 95% of the employees had eaten each of them. Stratified analysis indicated that gravy was the responsible food and, furthermore, that the decreasing attack rate pattern within serving periods occurred only for those who ate gravy. The gravy had been prepared 12-24 hours in advance of banquet service. After it was prepared, the gravy was improperly cooled and was reheated shortly before and throughout the serving periods. Persons who ate gravy that had been reheated for the longest period of time had the lowest attack rate, probably because they were exposed to a lower concentration of organisms. This outbreak underscores the need for properly reheating food to prevent C. perfringens gastroenteritis and suggests that analysis of attack rate trends may provide important epidemiologic clues to understanding the causes of foodborne disease outbreaks.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Petersen LR,Mshar R,Cooper GH Jr,Bruce AR,Hadler JLdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114836subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-03-01 00:00:00pages
605-11issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The authors examined the relation between age at first vaginal intercourse and a positive nucleic acid amplification test for sexually transmitted infection (STI). A nationally representative sample of 9,844 respondents aged 18-26 years was tested for chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis in wave 3 (2001...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi095
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis and thrombosis may lead to cognitive impairment through cerebral infarcts or white matter hyperintensities. Oxidative stress is now seen as a major contributor to the process of atherogenesis. High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic acid, or low intake of antioxidants can increase ox...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report evaluates a method for the determination of the maximal velocity of the outward sodium, potassium, chlorine (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in erythrocytes. The loading procedure was carried out using the ionophore nystatin. The technical error for this assay, based on concurrent analysis of randomized blind ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114602
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimating risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) for patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the natural course is essential for assessing risks and benefits of treatment. Traditionally, the survival period starts at the time of diagnosis and ends at ICH, but most patients are quickly cens...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq082
更新日期:2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt258
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen-year mortality data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine the relative importance of social ties as predictors of survival at different ages, ranging from 38-94 years at baseline. Previous analyses of Alameda County data by Berkman and Syme (Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:186-204) have shown that such t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114711
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P-450 1A1 gene (CYP1A1) may affect the relation between environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer risk. The authors report results from a case-control study evaluating the potential effect of gen...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh346
更新日期:2004-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined individual and household socioeconomic status (SES) in relation to phenotypes of neural tube defects, orafacial clefts, and conotruncal heart defects using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study with 2,551 nonmalformed liveborn controls and 1,841 cases delivered in 1997-2000. The ind...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm283
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a cohort of 849 infants with an asthmatic sibling, the authors examined the relations of exposure to allergens (dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog), nitrogen dioxide, and mold with symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life (1998-2000). Among infants whose mothers had physician-diagnosed asth...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg148
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1946-2005, vaccine-preventable diseases were the topic of approximately 20% of all epidemic-assistance investigations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both in the United States and abroad, current and former Epidemic Intelligence Service officers have played a critical role in describing the e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr306
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the incidence of second primary cancers occurring after cervical and anal cancer. Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry for 1935-1988 and eight other US tumor registries for 1973-1988 were used. Women with primary invasive cervical cancer had a relative risk of 4.6 (95% confidence interval (CI)...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116420
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semen quality has been suggested to be a biological marker of long-term morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have been conducted on this subject. We identified 5,370 men seen for infertility at Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, during 1977-2010, and 4,712 of these men were followed in the Danish National Patie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx067
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although missing outcome data are an important problem in randomized trials and observational studies, methods to address this issue can be difficult to apply. Using simulated data, the authors compared 3 methods to handle missing outcome data: 1) complete case analysis; 2) single imputation; and 3) multiple imputatio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr302
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time-series studies have linked daily variations in nonaccidental deaths with daily variations in ambient particulate matter air pollution, while controlling for qualitatively larger influences of weather and season. Although time-series analyses typically include nonlinear terms for weather and season, questions rema...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi157
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors approximated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroincidence in a population of men who have sex with men and who sought repeated anonymous HIV testing in San Francisco in 1995. The number of seroconversions and person-years of observation were estimated using the date and result of the current test and t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009332
更新日期:1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the summer of 1991, four inmates from prison A in Upstate New York died of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To determine the extent of resistant tuberculosis at prison A and transmission patterns, the authors interviewed staff and reviewed medical records and inmate movement histories. Contact investigation resul...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117222
更新日期:1994-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin C has been the focus of epidemiologic investigation in preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation), which is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related morbidity. There are two sodium-dependent membrane transporters encoded by SLC23A1 and SLC23A2, which have key roles in human vitamin C metabolism and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj035
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1968 to 1977, the association between the level of vitamin A in serum and the subsequent incidence of cancer was examined in a longitudinal study of 36,265 persons initially aged 15-99 years in 25 population groups in Finland. During a mean follow-up of 8 years, 766 cancers were diagnosed. Serum retinol, retinol-...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115728
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaskan Eskimos is characterized by greatly increased disease incidence at younger ages. This suggests that Eskimo infants have increased exposure to the disease. Exposure was studied in 1982-1983 in children less than age three years who lived in four Eskimo villages, as well ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114758
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between occupation and bladder cancer in women was examined based on data collected during the National Bladder Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study conducted in 10 areas of the United States. Occupational hazards among women have received little attention in previous bladder cancer studie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115680
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As economic development increases, puberty occurs at younger ages, and this could contribute to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and hormone-related cancers. The factors that determine pubertal timing are poorly understood. The growth axis that is active during puberty is active in the first 6 m...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr028
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency medical services with advanced life support systems were implemented in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, area in the mid-1970s. To assess the impact of emergency medical services on coronary heart disease mortality, the authors reviewed ambulance records and hospital emergency room logs for possible out-...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116160
更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methy...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj285
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between psychosocial risk factors and retinal microvascular signs was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Subjects were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles County, California; New York, New York; and St. Paul, Minnesota. ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp414
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain low in Japan despite major dietary changes and worsening cardiovascular risk factors, a situation that should have resulted in a substantial increase in AMI rates (Japanese paradox). The current trend in the incidence of AMI was examined for the p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn064
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1950 and 1960 about 20,000 israeli children were treated for tinea capitis by x-ray therapy as part of a large public health campaign to eradicate the disease. Dosimetric studies determined that these children were subjected to a mean brain dose of 130 rads. Almost 20 years later, possible radiation effects on...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113389
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of genetic risk models based on risk loci identified and/or confirmed in genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through April 13, 2012, and published da...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt123
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The continued elimination of measles requires accurate assessment of its epidemiology and a critical evaluation of how its incidence is changing with time. National surveillance of measles in the United States between 2001 and 2011 provides data on the number of measles introductions and the size of the resulting tran...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu068
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the association between longitudinal patterns of illicit drug use and clinical progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Confidential computer-based interviews, which addressed illicit drug use and other factors, were completed by HIV-infected participants in Baltimore, Maryland, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj059
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic testing is recommended in women with "ovarian cancer symptoms." However, these symptoms are nonspecific. The ongoing Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer Early (DOVE) Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, provides diagnostic testing to women aged 50 years or older with symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks and less than...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww086
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00