Abstract：
:In the summer of 1991, four inmates from prison A in Upstate New York died of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To determine the extent of resistant tuberculosis at prison A and transmission patterns, the authors interviewed staff and reviewed medical records and inmate movement histories. Contact investigation results were examined to determine tuberculin skin test conversions and to estimate risk of infection and disease for inmates who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Eight HIV-positive inmates and one HIV-negative guard, who was immunocompromised with cancer, had multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Eight died, a median of 28 days after the first culture-positive specimen was collected. All isolates had identical seven-drug resistance and DNA fingerprint patterns. Of exposed inmates, 92 out of 306 (30%) had skin test conversions. HIV infection was not associated with becoming infected with drug-resistant tuberculosis (active disease or skin test conversion), but once infected, HIV-positive inmates were significantly more likely to develop disease than were HIV-negative inmates (p < 0.001). The source case transferred to prison A in February 1991, was ill with undiagnosed multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, refused medical care, and lived in the general prison population, where he transmitted the disease to other inmates. Lapses in infection control and laboratory delays contributed to this outbreak. Prisons should fully implement infection control guidelines to prevent tuberculosis transmission.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Valway SE,Richards SB,Kovacovich J,Greifinger RB,Crawford JT,Dooley SWdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-15 00:00:00pages
113-22issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In a prospective study carried out in June 1979-April 1981, 134 of 1,458 adult inpatients at New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, acquired 136 urinary tract infections during 1,474 indwelling bladder catheterizations. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified nine factors that were significant...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114487
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relations between diet and nuclear opacities in the lens of the eye were investigated in a population-based cohort of middle-aged and older adults who lived in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Nuclear sclerosis was assessed from photographs of the lens taken during 1988-1990 in 1,919 persons in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Diets i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/141.4.322
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:From 610 blood samples collected in September 1983 in an intervention trial in Huixian, Henan Province, People's Republic of China, which were individually analyzed for retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol levels, 10 pools were formed from 50 individual samples, and the vitamin levels in the merged pools were ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114269
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza-like illness data are collected via an Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance Network at the state level. Because participation is voluntary, locations of the sentinel providers may not reflect optimal geographic placement. The purpose of this study was to determine the "best" locations for sentinel provid...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp270
更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between self-reported physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed for 1,900 healthy subjects aged 25-77 years in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982-1984) to the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Depressive symptomatology as measured by the Center for Epidem...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115087
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A population-based case-control study of cancer and occupation was carried out in Montréal, Canada. Between 1979 and 1986, 449 pathologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer were interviewed, as well as 1,550 cancer controls and 533 population controls. Job histories were evaluated by a team of chemist/hygienists u...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750
更新日期：1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The value of exercise during pregnancy is controversial; both benefits and risks have been hypothesized. As empiric evidence is scant, the issue was investigated in a prospective study that assessed the impact on fetal growth of maternal exercise in each trimester of pregnancy. A cohort of over 800 prenatal patients w...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116614
更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Given that the primordial ovarian follicular pool is established in utero, it may be influenced by parental characteristics and the intrauterine environment. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are increasingly recognized as a biomarker of ovarian reserve in females in adulthood and adolescence. We examined and compar...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt137
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal emerged on the Indian subcontinent in late 1992 and was first recognized in Thailand in 1993. To characterize the epidemiology of this disease, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of Bangkok. Between November 15, 1993, and June 3, 19...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008737
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of the environmental factors causing insulin-dependent diabetes in children has remained elusive. However, evidence is rapidly accumulating that childhood diabetes exhibits epidemic patterns, much like that seen with an infectious disease. It is likely that within these epidemics the environmental d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of exposure biomarkers vary among individuals because of differences in both environmental exposure and metabolism. However, the ultimate interest is in providing information about the impact of modifying environmental exposures through regulation or behavior change. Using these levels in studies of pregnancy o...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt314
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of dietary carbohydrates in weight loss has received considerable attention in light of the current obesity epidemic. The authors investigated the association of body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) with dietary intake of carbohydrates and with measures of the induced glycemic response, using data from...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi051
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Barnes Hospital Employee Health Service (St. Louis, Missouri) rubella screening program was evaluated over the 5-year period between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1990. A total of 6,969 new employees were hired, and 6,115 (87.7%) were screened for evidence of rubella immunity by the Employee Health Service. Ru...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116913
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A population-based cohort of 166 twin pairs (67 monozygotic and 99 dizygotic) born at the Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center, from July 1, 1976 to December 31, 1980 was identified. Body weight and length were measured at 14 days and at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months of age. Statisticall...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114730
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether risk compensation could offset the preventive effect of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains unknown. Using virological and behavioral data collected 12 months after inclusion in the TEMPRANO randomized trial of early ART (Abidjan, Côte d'I...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww127
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Death rarely results from only one cause, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. Multiple cause-of-death data files can list as many as 20 contributing causes of death in addition to the reported underlying cause of death. Analysis of multiple cause-of-death data can provide information on associations between ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm037
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Planners of several large prevention trials have overestimated the expected incidence of events in the control group, largely because they failed either to recognize or to adequately correct for various effects of population selection. Consequently, the studies have been too small in size or too short in duration to a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116739
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a population-based case-control study of the association between use of diuretics and renal cell cancer, 120 white men whose cancer was diagnosed during the years 1980-1991 and 86 white women diagnosed in 1960-1991 were identified among members of the Kaiser Permanente Northwest health plan. Controls were plan memb...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117328
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the familial clustering and relative influence of genetic and environmental effects on postterm birth in the Swedish population by considering all full- and half-siblings born in Sweden between 1992 and 2004. Of the eligible 475,429 births, 21% occurred after 41 completed weeks and 5.5% occurred af...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws244
更新日期：2013-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Among men of Japanese ancestry, there is a gradient in the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is lowest in Japan, intermediate in Hawaii, and highest in California. This gradient appears not to be completely explained by differences in dietary intake, serum cholesterol, blood pressure or smoking. To test t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112296
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigaret...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114973
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study on diet and gastric cancer, carried out in selected areas of four regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia, and Galicia) in 1988 and 1989, included 354 cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 354 controls matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Cases and controls were ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117029
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family studies of exceptional longevity can potentially identify genetic and other factors contributing to long life and healthy aging. Although such studies seek families that are exceptionally long lived, they also need living members who can provide DNA and phenotype information. On the basis of these consideration...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp309
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001). Participants were free from PMS at base...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws363
更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the validity of prevalent and incident self-reported diabetes compared with multiple reference definitions and to assess the reliability (repeatability) of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes. Data from 10,321 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) St...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kws156
更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Contradictory observations have accumulated regarding a secular trend and/or an epidemic pattern in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence below age 15 years was examined in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and in Wielkopolska, Poland, two area...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115169
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Before the 1970s, today's older Americans were exposed to high levels of lead in the environment. The authors previously reported that lifetime cumulative lead dose was associated with lower cognitive test performance in older adults. Experiments suggest that environmental stress may intensify the detrimental influenc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn390
更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Proportional hazards models measuring the effect of age at onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on mortality risk are presented. The study population consisted of 924 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who were seen within 1 year of diagnosis at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1950 and 1981 and were...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115804
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have focused on the impact of weight maintenance on cardiovascular disease risk factors or addressed whether changes differ by baseline weight status and medication usage. The authors examined these issues using 9 years of follow-up data on 3,235 men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk072
更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Difficulties inherent in the identification of immune correlates of protection or severe disease have challenged the development and evaluation of dengue vaccines. There persist substantial gaps in knowledge about the complex effects of age and sequential dengue virus (DENV) exposures on these correlations. To address...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa008
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
