Abstract：
:Although exercise exerts multiple beneficial health effects, it may also damage cellular structures. Damaged elements are continuously degraded and its constituents recycled to produce renovated structures through a process called autophagy, which is essential for the adaptation to training. Autophagy is particularly active in skeletal muscle, where it can be evaluated using specific molecular markers of activation (unc-51-like kinase 1 [ULK1] phosphorylation) and specific proteins indicating increased autophagosome content (increased total LC3, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio). Studies in humans are technically limited but have provided evidence suggesting the activation of autophagy in skeletal muscle through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target ULK1. Autophagy activation is more likely when the intensity is elevated and the exercise performed in the fasted state. The autophagy-gene program and autophagosome content are upregulated after ultraendurance running competitions. However, autophagosome content is reduced after endurance exercise at moderate intensities (50% and 70% of VO2 max) for 60-120 minutes. Autophagosome content is decreased within the first few hours after resistance training. The effects of regular endurance and strength training on basal autophagy remain to be established in humans. One study has reported that acute severe hypoxia increases autophagosome content in human skeletal muscle, which is reverted by 20 minutes of low-intensity exercise. Experiments with transgenic mice have shown that autophagy is necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to training. Little is known on how genetic factors, environment, nutrition, drugs and diseases may interact with exercise to modulate autophagy at rest and during exercise in humans.
journal_name
Scand J Med Sci Sportsjournal_title
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sportsauthors
Martin-Rincon M,Morales-Alamo D,Calbet JALdoi
10.1111/sms.12945subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-01 00:00:00pages
772-781issue
3eissn
0905-7188issn
1600-0838journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Mechanical force is generated within skeletal muscle cells by contraction of specialized myofibrillar proteins. This paper explores how the contractile force generated at the sarcomeres within an individual muscle fiber is transferred through the connective tissue to move the bones. The initial key point for transfer ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00472.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00741.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00840.x
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00190.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
