Abstract：
:A generalized knowledge of opiates has been available for centuries, but it was not until 1975, following the isolation of the first endogenous opioids, that it was appreciated that their analgesic properties were mediated via specific receptors. Three general classes of opioids are now recognized: the endorphins, the enkephalins, and the dynorphins. Assaying of the endogenous opioid peptides has never been simple, and now radioimmunoassay has replaced the earlier bioassays. When coupled with immunohistochemical techniques, radioimmunoassay allows precise localization of opioids in various tissue sections. There is evidence that plasma concentration of endorphins, and possibly also met-enkephalin, increases with exercise. In addition, the opioid peptides have important implications for the effects of other hormonal functions, including the pituitary hormones and catecholamines. Few studies during exercise are available, and naloxone has been used widely as the agent to determine the role of endogenous opioids on hormonal secretions. Slightly conflicting results have been obtained, depending on the dosage of naloxone used. With high-dose naloxone, there appears to be overall endorphin inhibition of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion. Endorphins do not appear to exert a major influence on the cardiovascular response to exercise, but in high-intensity exercise, they appear to partially inhibit the ventilatory response to exercise.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Grossman A,Sutton JRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-02-01 00:00:00pages
74-81issue
1eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In 1983 a representative sample of Danish adolescents 16-19 yr of age were selected to participate in a study to determine risk profile for coronary heart disease. Eight years later (1991), we performed a follow-up study of the same participants 23-27 yr of age to compare risk factors. In the young adults power was ge...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors measured in a large community sample were evaluated. Self-reported physical activity using a single question, maximal oxygen consumption estimates derived from the Pawtucket Heart Health Step Test, blood pressure, no...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Older adults have low rates meeting the physical activity (PA) guidelines and high sedentary time. Low PA and excessive sedentary time have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Less is known about whether exercise training influences sedentary time and PA in various intensities. PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002407
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten eumenorrheic nonathletic women, aged 21-25, were studied on the 8th day following the LH peak in three consecutive cycles. Plasma level and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured before and during a 2-h continuous treadmill test at a speed corresponding to 70% of their ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Evidence suggests that female adolescents and those living in urban environments may have lower physical activity (PA) levels compared with their peers. Yet few studies report PA for urban adolescent females, and there is no consensus regarding potential causes for low PA in this subgroup. We examined PA levels...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001152
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The development of valid measures of built environments relevant for physical activity is an important step toward controlling the global epidemic of physical inactivity-related noncommunicable diseases and deaths. This study assessed the construct validity of a self-report neighborhood environment walkability ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001131
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The study's purposes were to 1) assess changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from 1998 to 2010, controlling for decimal age and body mass index (BMI), and 2) repeat the analysis in cohorts from 2005 to 2010, controlling for maturation, deprivation, and BMI. METHODS:A total of 27,942 (n = 14,247 boys) 9- t...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182300267
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine effects of self-administration of high doses of anabolic steroids and testosterone were investigated in five power athletes during 26 wk of training, and for the following 12-16 wk after drug withdrawal. After 26 wk of anabolic steroid and testosterone administration, serum testosterone concentrations had in...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Because physical activity researchers are increasingly using objective portable devices, this review describes the current state of the technology to assess physical activity, with a focus on specific sensors and sensor properties currently used in monitors and their strengths and weaknesses. Additional sens...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182399bc8
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the ventilatory effects of closely monitored cycle ergometer conditioning (HR target, 145-150 beats x min(-1); 25 min/session; three sessions per week) during the second and third pregnancy trimesters (TMs) in healthy human pregnancy. METHODS:Subjects were 27 previously sedentary pregnant women (exerc...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199801000-00004
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE:Physical inactivity in postmenopausal women contributes to a rise in atherogenic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Although regular physical activity positively contributes to health, inactivity progressively increases with age. The Dose Response to Exercise in Women aged 45-...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000113738.06267.E5
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and evaluate the accuracy of a portable telemetric oxygen uptake analyzer (K2). Two experiments were carried out: a) using a mechanical lung, the accuracy of the K2 to measure oxygen fractions and minute ventilation following 10 and 60 min of warm-up was determin...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This pilot work was conducted to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) of the paralyzed knee extensor muscle groups on skeletal muscle and intramuscular fat (IMF) cross-sectional areas, trunk visceral adipose tissue (VAT), carbohydrate, and lipid profiles in men w...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822672aa
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regression analysis is often used to demonstrate associations among variables believed to be biologically related. Failure to demonstrate a "significant" relationship may be due to two factors: 1) the variables are truly unrelated, or 2) a relationship exists but goes undetected due to inadequate statistical power. In...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the physiological responses to walking with hand-held weights (HWs), 12 untrained men completed three sub-maximal and two maximal treadmill tests. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, rate pressure product, and rating of perceived exer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used an algebraic model of resting heart rate (HRr), HRr-mn (HRo), to compare resting parasympathetic (n) and sympathetic (m) influence, intrinsic heart rate (HRo), and resting autonomic balance (Abal) in ten endurance-trained (ET) and ten nontrained (NT) men. The values of m, n, and Abal were determined by selecti...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198902000-00008
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The extent to which the diaphragm is targeted during a bout of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relative activation patterns of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles during a bout of IMT and to determine whether diaphragmatic recr...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000881
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical changes during natural heel-toe running with learned midfoot and Pose running. METHODS:Twenty heel-toe runners were instructed in midfoot running and a novel running style in which the acromium, greater trochanter, and lateral malleolus are aligned in stan...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000113684.61351.B0
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two swims (1993 and 1994) are described which led to post-swim orthostatic intolerance and one episode of syncope in a 50/51-yr-old well-trained and experienced marathon swimmer. The swims of 33 km and 38 km took 12 h 30 s and 17 h 35 min, respectively. Water temperature in each swim was above 23 degrees C and rectal ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity. PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercise...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001276
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Aerobic exercise training in sedentary individuals improves physical fitness and various cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers. Nevertheless, there has been controversy as to whether exercise training may adversely affect some biomarkers in a small segment of the population. The purpose of this study was to investigat...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000752
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with significant bone loss and an increase in fracture risk among prostate cancer survivors (PCS). We investigated whether impact + resistance training could stop ADT-related declines in bone mineral density (BMD) among PCS on ADT. METHODS:We randomized 51 ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000265
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to determine whether childhood muscular fitness phenotypes (strength, endurance, and power) are independently associated with adult metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS:We conducted a longitudinal study including 737 participants who had muscular fitness measures in 1985 when age 9...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000955
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of the sickle cell trait in a school for elite young athletes in Cameroon, West Africa, was examined in order to evaluate whether the choice of an athletic career was influenced by its presence. The presence of hemoglobin AS was found in 27 of the 145 students attending the school (18.6%). Since the fre...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Text books attribute the side pain "stitch" during exercise to changes in blood flow to the viscera, but the little available research favors stretching of visceral ligaments. We therefore induced and modified stitch experimentally to investigate its cause and possible treatments. METHODS:Ten active healthy yo...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-199908000-00014
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on skeletal muscle mass and strength during a period of limb disuse. METHODS:Thirty healthy participants (22 ± 3 years; 23 ± 3 kg·m) were randomly assigned to either: control (CON; n=10), BFR alone (BFR...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002544
更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee injuries continue to present a complex set of clinical problems. The answers to these problems have recently been redefined by the application of sophisticated biomechanical research methods to the study of knee ligaments and joint function. This manuscript reviews contributions which our laboratory has made to t...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198410000-00002
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study the gross efficiency of swimming was determined in a group of male (N = 6) and female (N = 4) competitive swimmers. The gross efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power output (W) to the power input (W). In a range of swimming velocities (0.95-1.6 m.s-1), the power input (rate of energy expenditure,...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the maximal physiological responses between aquatic and land-based graded exercise tests in overweight women. METHODS:Twenty healthy, overweight (body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg.m(-2)), Caucasian women (mean +/- SD; age 48 +/- 7 yr, BMI 30 +/- 4 kg.m(-2)) completed a deep water running (DWR) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318164d0e0
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine subjects participated in an exercise program for 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. The training work rates were kept constant for the first 4 wk. The work rates were then increased to a higher level and kept constant for an additional 5 wk. During both training periods, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) increased for the first...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
